During the Cenozoic ( Tertiary about 65 to 1. 6 million years ) folding, faulting and uplifting, accompanied by volcanic activity and intrusion of igneous rocks was related to major continental collision between the larger Arabian and Eurasian plates ( e. g. Robertson & Dixon, 1984 ).

During a volcanic eruption the magma that leaves the underground is called lava.

During 1950, the French hellenist Pierre Amandry, who had worked at Delphi and later directed the French excavations there, concurred with Oppé's pronouncements, claiming that gaseous emissions were not even possible in a volcanic zone such as Delphi.

During the Cenozoic Era, volcanic activity and extensive lava flows in the region dramatically changed the landscape.

During the last ice age, numerous volcanic eruptions occurred under Vatnajökull, creating many subglacial eruptions.

During this time, a broad volcanic gap appeared at the southwestern margin of North America, and deformation occurred much farther inland ; it was during this time that the basement-cored mountain ranges of Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, South Dakota, and New Mexico came into being.

During the past two decades, more than 60 airplanes, mostly commercial jetliners, have been damaged by in-flight encounters with volcanic ash.

During several million years of the lake's existence, sediments were collecting at the bottom in the form of saline muds, gravels from nearby mountains, and ashfalls from the then-active Black Mountain volcanic field.

During the middle Tertiary most of the volcanic rocks, including the Chisos group, the Pine Canyon caldera complex and the Burro Mesa Formation, formed.

During their occupation the Japanese developed Rabaul into a much more powerful base than the Australians had planned after the 1937 volcanic eruptions, with long term consequences for the town in the post-war period.

During the Eocene the trough was the site of a subduction zone which formed the volcanic arc of the Cayman Ridge and the Sierra Maestra volcanic terrain of Cuba to the north, as the northeastward-moving Caribbean Plate was subducted beneath the southwest-moving North American Plate, or as some researchers contend, beneath a plate fragment dubbed the East Cuban Microplate.

During the next 10 million years, a series of new basaltic volcanic cones similar to the shield volcanoes now found in Hawaii were built.

During the colonisation of Australia, the Kiama area was settled by wheat farmers as the soil was volcanic and rain-swept unlike most of Australia.

During this period north Wales was subject to volcanic activity.

Event: During the Kuala Lumpur to Perth leg of British Airways Flight 9 on 24 June 1982, volcanic ash caused all four engines of the Boeing 747 aircraft to fail.

Paleozoic Era: During the Pennsylvanian Period a volcanic arc develops followed by the formation of the Basal Rock Unit ( volcanic breccias, lava flows, clastic sedimentary rock, Chert, Shale, Fossil-bearing Limestones ) during the Permian Period.

During this period, volcanic activity in the Garibaldi Belt and other portions of the northern Cascade Arc took place mainly at the Franklin Glacier complex and in the Intermontane Belt further east.

During this time, the eruptions were larger, and volcanic bombs and blocks up to two meters in diameter were ejected from Cerro Negro.

During this eruption, volcanic ash and pyroclastic projectiles rained down on the community, destroying homes and sterilizing agricultural lands in Capelo and Praia do Norte.

During volcanic eruptions, it is possible that diamonds from the interior could come up to the surface, resulting in mountains of diamonds and silicon carbides.

During the most recent eruption in August 2008, the volcanic ash reached the town of Severo-Kurilsk located 60 km north-east.

During active periods of volcanic activity, intervals between explosions vary from less than 1 minute ( e. g. Anak Krakatoa ) to about a day.

During an eruption, the sea temperature around the island may increase from just above freezing to about.

During an excavation in 2004, a team of archaeologists discovered cultural remains buried by the 1815 eruption.

During the eruption, an earthquake occurred with an epicentre near the village of Jedy.

During the intermediate phase, there were several eruptions which produced pyroclastic flows like those that destroyed Saint-Pierre in the 1902 eruption.

During a powerful eruption on August 30, 1902, a pyroclastic flow extended further east than the flows of 8 and 20 May.

During the past 11, 000 years, Nevado del Ruiz passed through at least 12 eruption stages, which included multiple slope failures ( rock avalanches ), pyroclastic flows and lahars leading to partial destruction of the summit domes.

During recorded history, eruptions have consisted primarily of a central vent eruption ( in the caldera ) followed by an explosive eruption, then lahars.

During the eruption, ash was sent thousands of metres into the air and the subsequent rain of ash caused 80 % of the buildings in Rabaul to collapse.

During the 1887 eruption, about 2½ million tons ( 2. 3 million metric tons ) of lava per hour pours out, covering an area of 29 km².

During the eruption, half of the town was crushed and the island expanded in length.

During the earlier part of the Spanish Colonial Era, Ambil was reported to be in eruption.

During the early days of the eruption, the rate of lava and tephra emission from the fissure was estimated to be 100 cubic metres per second ( 3, 500 cubic feet per second ), and within two days, the lava fountains had built a cinder cone over 100 metres ( 330 ft ) high.

During the afternoon, this resulted in a huge gas eruption.

During the final phase of this eruption, a lava flow filled the basin formed during the collapse of Half Cone.

During the so-called Mývatn fires, caused by the eruption of the nearby volcano Krafla in 1729, the village was destroyed by a lava stream.

During the millions of years since the eruption, the adjacent rock of the Ogallala and older formations have been removed leaving the valley filling basalt perched atop a long ridge.

During the last stages of eruption, different and more resistant forms of lava that were cooler than those flows that created the shield volcano remained to form the current peak.

During the 1949 eruption, three vents — Duraznero, San Juan and Hoyo Negro — opened and lava was erupted.

During the final stages of the eruption, the centre of the Aira Caldera sank by about, due to subsidence caused by the emptying out of the underlying magma chamber.

During this eruption 2007 a caldera collapse occurred at the volcano.

During the summers of 1978 and 1979, Johnston led studies of the ash-flow sheet emplaced in the 1912 eruption of Mount Katmai in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes.

During Mount St. Helens ' eruption in 1980, of tephra was deposited from southeastern British Columbia to Manitoba.