During the past few centuries of detailed, scientific study of the Bronze Age, it has become clear that on the whole, the use of copper or bronze was only the most stable and therefore the most diagnostic part of a cluster of features marking the period.

During the sede vacante, the period between a pope's death and the election of his successor, the day-to-day governance of the Church as a whole is in the hands of the College of Cardinals.

During the late Neolithic henge sites were constructed, single burials began to become more commonplace and by the Bronze Age it is possible that even where chambered cairns were still being built they had become the burial places of prominent individuals rather than of communities as a whole.

During the age when the whole point of money was that it was made of precious metal, there was frequent trimming or shaving of coins once they were released to the public, even though people were expected to accept the diminished coins at their face value.

During the whole interwar period, the British, appealing to the terms of the Mandate, rejected the principle of majority rule or any other measure that would give the Arab majority control over the government of Palestine.

During the first years of the new regime, the Fascist pursued a laissez-faire economic policy: they initially reduced taxes, regulations and trade restrictions on the whole.

During the whole of the Industrial Revolution and for the century before, all European countries and America engaged in study-touring ; some nations, like Sweden and France, even trained civil servants or technicians to undertake it as a matter of state policy.

During the 1936-1939 Arab revolt in Palestine, Palestinian Arabs oppositionists fought for the end of the Mandate and the creation of an Arab state based on the whole of Palestine.

During the time he was compiling The Kalevala he was the district health officer based in Kajaani responsible for the whole Kainuu region in the eastern part of what was then the Grand Duchy of Finland.

During the first half of 2011 there has been the same number of anti-Semitic crimes reported as were reported for the whole of 2010.

During his reign, Otto II attempted to annex the whole of Italy into the Empire, bringing him into conflict with the Byzantine Empire and with the Saracens of the Fatimid Caliphate.

During the 5 years of Italian rule over the whole Horn of Africa ( a colony in Eritrea was set by Rome in 1870 and Ethiopia occupied in 1936 ), Italian geographers accurately mapped the population of their colony and eventually referred to the Oromos preferably as Gallas in all the official maps as well as in a guide-book still available nowadays called " Guida all Africa Orientale Italiana " (" A Guide-Book to Italian Eastern Africa ").

During nearly the whole of his pontificate, Eugene III was unable to reside in Rome.

During the years 550 to 330 BC, coinciding with the sovereignty of the first Persian Empire over the Middle East area, especially the whole part of the Persian Gulf and some parts of the Arabian Peninsula, the name of " Pars Sea " is widely found in the compiled written texts.

During the 7th century the Sassanid Persian empire conquered the whole of the Persian Gulf, including southern and northern shores.

During the ambush it is claimed that Saddam began shooting prematurely, which disorganised the whole operation.

During the south Indian festival Pongal, a whole turmeric plant with fresh rhizomes is offered as a thanksgiving offering to Surya, the Sun god.

During the volcanic eruption the whole of southern Europe is blanketed by ash.

During the feudal and colonial times in India hunting was regarded as a regal sport in the numerous princely states, as many maharajas, nawabs, as well as British officers maintained a whole corps of shikaris, who were native professional hunters.

During the 260s, the breakup of the Roman Empire into three distinct governing entities ( the core Roman Empire, the Gallic Empire and the Palmyrene Empire ) placed the whole Roman imperium into a precarious position.

During the first two decades of the 20th century, musical society as a whole ( and Holst's friend Vaughan Williams in particular ) became interested in old English folksongs, madrigal singers, and Tudor composers.

During the time of the Thirty Years ' War two new fortifications, the so-called big and small Schanze ( entrenchment ), were built to protect the whole area of the peninsula.

During the Soviet offensive the Army of Manchukuo, on paper a 200, 000-man force, performed poorly and whole units surrendered to the Soviets without firing a single shot ; there were even cases of armed riots and mutinies against the Japanese forces.

During his last 3 hours on the cross, from noon to 3 p. m., darkness fell over the whole land.

During the whole of this time he scarcely ever moved from his house, except to the prison and back, and the result of a portion of his labors was discovered to his friends in conversations and experiments relating to electrical phenomena, which revealed to them the fact that, alone and unaided-from the sheer force of his genius-he had discovered as early, if not earlier, than Morse or Wheatstone, the principles of the present system of electric telegraphy.

During the Rococo era Portraiture was an important component of painting in all countries, but especially in Great Britain, where the leaders were William Hogarth ( 1697 – 1764 ), in a blunt realist style, and Francis Hayman ( 1708 – 1776 ), Angelica Kauffman who was Swiss, ( 1741 – 1807 ), Thomas Gainsborough and Joshua Reynolds ( 1723 – 1792 ), in more flattering styles influenced by Antony Van Dyck ( 1599 – 1641 ).

During Alessandro Scarlatti's second stay in Rome ( 1703 – 1708 ), Pasquini and Arcangelo Corelli were frequently associated with Scarlatti in musical performances, especially in connection with the Academy of Arcadia, of which all three were members.

During the War of the Spanish Succession, the regiment fought at the Battles of Schellenberg and Blenheim ( 1704 ), the Battle of Ramillies ( 1706 ), the Battle of Oudenarde ( 1708 ) and the Battle of Malplaquet ( 1709 ).

During the Great Northern War Skoropadsky was a Cossack colonel of the Ukrainian Starodub regiment and after Swedish army crossed into Ukraine in 1708, refused to join Ivan Mazepa who decided to switch sides and fight against Russia.

During the Tokugawa period ( 1600 – 1868 ) the Ainu became increasingly involved in trade with Japanese who controlled the southern portion of the island that is now called Hokkaido.

During the Meiji period ( 1868 – 1912 ), leaders inaugurated a new Western-based education system for all young people, sent thousands of students to the United States and Europe, and hired more than 3, 000 Westerners to teach modern science, mathematics, technology, and foreign languages in Japan ( Oyatoi gaikokujin ).

During the Meiji Restoration from 1868 onwards and in an attempt to eradicate Buddhism Nichiren-temples were forced, just like any other Buddhist school, to focus on funeral and memorial services as their main activity.

During his reign, in 1868 the Italian government began operating a lighthouse on the northeast end of the island.

During the reign of Glele, his successor ( 1858 – 89 ), the territory was ceded to France by a treaty signed on May 19, 1868.

During the years of the Tokugawa shogunate ( 1601 – 1868 ), the rector of Edo ’ s Confucian Academy, the Shōhei-kō ( afterwards known at the Yushima Seidō ), was known by the honorific title Daigaku-no kami which, in the context of the Tokugawa hierarchy, can effectively be translated as " Head of the State University ".

During his reign, in 1861 the Italian government paid 12, 000 lire for land at the northeast end of the island to build a lighthouse, which began operating in 1868.

During Reconstruction, the new authorities in charge of the government decided to move the county seat of Marengo from its central location in Linden to Demopolis by an act approved on December 4, 1868.

During 1868 a gentleman known as Capt.

During the nineteenth century, portions of the township were taken to form Warren Township ( March 5, 1806 ), Branchburg Township ( April 5, 1845 ), Somerville ( March 25, 1863 ), Raritan ( April 3, 1868 ) and Bound Brook ( March 24, 1869 ).

During 1868, Farrer sold the business to a group who formed the Empire Crockery Manufacturing Company.

During the 1840s, as railways proved to be a cheaper and faster method of transporting goods, attempts were made to attract more trade by reducing tolls, but this had little effect and by 1868 all trade above Lewes had ceased, although boats continued working on the Lower Ouse to Lewes right up to the 1950s.

During the period 1868 – 1876, Sitting Bull developed into the most important of Native American chiefs.

During the Tokugawa period ( 1603 – 1868 ) Japan was turned inward as a hierarchical caste society in which the samurai were at the top.

During the changes brought by Japan opening up to the outside world at the beginning of the Meiji era ( 1868 – 1912 ), the samurai lost their position.

During 1868 there were a number of violent disturbances and rioting created by this man who described himself as a " renegade Roman Catholic ".

During the Boshin War, the revolution of 1867 and 1868 often called the Meiji Restoration, he was a staff officer.

" During the Tokugawa period ( 1603 – 1868 ) in Japan, people of every class were subject to strict sumptuary laws that included regulation of the types of clothing that could be worn.

During the Meiji period ( 1868 – 1912 ) Japan abandoned its feudal system and opened up to Western modernism.

During his years as a bandit, James was involved in at least four murders between 1868 and 1876, resulting in the deaths of bank employees or citizens.

During the next few years, he wrote novels, stories, a play ( which failed ), a book-pamphlet on the Roman question, many pamphlets on other subjects of the day, innumerable newspaper articles, some art criticisms, rejoinders to the attacks of his enemies, and popular manuals of political economy, L ' A B C du travailleur ( 1868 ), Le progrès ( 1864 ).

During the 1868 Presidential election there was concern that Akerman supported presidential candidate Horatio Seymour over Grant.

During the Edo period ( 1600 – 1868 ) Beppu thrived as a tourist town and bamboo baskets and goods were used in the daily lives of the local people for everything from cooking to washing in order to meet the demands of the thriving tourist population.

* During the 1868 impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson.