Glance at the list: Burckhardt, Tolstoy, Proudhon, Thoreau, London, Marx, Tawney, Mayo, Durkheim, Tannenbaum, Mumford, A. R. Heron, Huxley, Schweitzer, and Einstein.

Marx is typically cited, with Émile Durkheim and Max Weber, as one of the three principal architects of modern social science.

Marx is typically cited, along with Émile Durkheim and Max Weber, as one of the three principal architects of modern social science.

Weber is often cited, with Émile Durkheim and Karl Marx, as one of the three founding architects of sociology.

Compared to Durkheim and Marx, Weber was more focused on individuals and culture and this is clear in his methodology.

Whereas Durkheim focused on the society, Weber concentrated on the individuals and their actions ( see structure and action discussion ) and whereas Marx argued for the primacy of the material world over the world of ideas, Weber valued ideas as motivating actions of individuals, at least in the big picture.

Along with Karl Marx and Émile Durkheim, he is commonly regarded as one of the founders of modern sociology.

Émile Durkheim, Karl Marx and Max Weber are typically cited as the principal architects of modern social science by this definition.

The term " social science " may refer either to the specific sciences of society established by thinkers such as Comte, Durkheim, Marx, and Weber, or more generally to all disciplines outside of " noble science " and arts.

Classical, seminal sociological theorists of the late 19th and early 20th century such as Durkheim, Weber, and Marx were greatly interested in religion and its effects on society.

Durkheim, Marx, and Weber had very complex and developed theories about the nature and effects of religion.

Durkheim, Marx, and Weber are more typically cited as the fathers of contemporary social science.

Today the anthropology of religion reflects the influence of, or an engagement with, such theorists as Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, Émile Durkheim, and Max Weber.

In Capitalism and Modern Social Theory ( 1971 ), he examined the work of Weber, Durkheim and Marx, arguing that despite their different approaches each was concerned with the link between capitalism and social life.

An Analysis of the writings of Marx, Durkheim and Max Weber.

Social theorists such as Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, Max Weber, and Émile Durkheim, postulated that the modernization of society would include a decline in levels of religiosity.

Alongside Freud, Nietzsche, and Durkheim, Marx thus takes a place amongst the 19th century philosophers who criticized this pre-eminence of the subject and its consciousness.

Social theorists ( such as Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons, and Jürgen Habermas ) have proposed different explanations for what a social order consists of, and what its real basis is.

He critically engaged classical nineteenth and early twentieth century social theorists such as Auguste Comte, Karl Marx, Max Weber, Émile Durkheim, Alfred Schutz, Robert K. Merton, Erving Goffman, and Jürgen Habermas.

Alexis de Tocqueville was apparently the first to use the term social structure ; later, Karl Marx, Herbert Spencer, Max Weber, Ferdinand Tönnies, and Émile Durkheim all contributed to structural concepts in sociology.

" Whilst the secondary role Marx plays in early American sociology may be attributed to Parsons, as well as to broader political trends, the dominance of Marxism in European sociological thought had long since secured the rank of Marx alongside Durkheim and Weber as one of the three " classical " sociologists.

Durkheim, Marx, and Weber are more typically cited as the fathers of contemporary social science.

Marx, Weber, Durkheim and their successors buried this approach with a variety of different funeral rites and still it lives on, on borrowed time -- a commodity with which historians are especially generous.

Unlike some other classical figures ( Comte, Durkheim ) Weber did not attempt, consciously, to create any specific set of rules governing social sciences in general, or sociology in particular.

But whereas Durkheim, following Comte, worked in the positivist tradition, Weber was instrumental in developing an antipositivist, hermeneutic, tradition in the social sciences.

Prominent theorists who developed the modernist interpretation of nations and nationalism include: Henry Maine, Ferdinand Tönnies, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Talcott Parsons.

Of these, Durkheim and Weber are often more difficult to understand, especially in light of the lack of context and examples in their primary texts.

" It is in this way that systems theorists attempted to provide alternatives and an evolved ideation from orthodox theories with individuals such as Max Weber, Émile Durkheim in sociology and Frederick Winslow Taylor in scientific management, which were grounded in classical assumptions.

Major Western theorists who stress the importance of values as an analytical independent variable include Max Weber, Émile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons & Jürgen Habermas.

The debate of community versus modernization of society and individualism has been the most discussed topic among the fathers of sociology ( Tönnies, 1887 ; Durkheim, 1893 ; Simmel, 1905 ; Weber, 1946 ).

In his advocacy of these kinds of theories Merton stands on the shoulders of Émile Durkheim and Max Weber.

Talcott Parsons was heavily influenced by Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, synthesizing much of their work into his action theory, which he based on the system-theoretical concept and the methodological principle of voluntary action.

Giddens is closer to Weber than Durkheim, but in his analysis he rejects both of those approaches, stating that while society is not a collective reality, nor should the individual be treated as the central unit of analysis.

The beliefs of a religion also reflecting the values are expressed in creeds, dogmas, and doctrines, and form what Durkheim calls a credo.

In Elementary Forms, Durkheim argues that the totems the Aborigines venerate are actually expressions of their own conceptions of society itself.

Other taxonomies, such as those analyzed by Durkheim and Lévi-Strauss, are sometimes called folk taxonomies to distinguish them from scientific taxonomies.

Because French universities are technically institutions for training secondary school teachers, this position gave Durkheim considerable influence — his lectures were the only ones that were mandatory for the entire student body.

As the society, Durkheim noted there are several possible pathologies that could lead to a breakdown of social integration and disintegration of the society: the two most important ones are anomie and forced division of labor ; lesser ones include the lack of coordination and suicide.

By forced division of labor Durkheim means a situation where power holders, driven by their desire for profit ( greed ), results in people doing the work they are unsuited for.

With that, Durkheim argues, we are left with the following three concepts: the sacred ( the ideas that cannot be properly explained, inspire awe and are considered worthy of spiritual respect or devotion ), the beliefs and practices ( which create highly emotional state — collective effervescence — and invest symbols with sacred importance ), and the moral community ( a group of people sharing a common moral philosophy ).

Durkheim argued that categories are produced by the society, and thus are collective creations.

In Primitive Classification Durkheim and Mauss take a study of “ primitive ” group mythology to argue that systems of classification are collectively based and that the divisions with these systems are derived from social categories.

In it, Durkheim argues that religious beliefs require people to separate life into categories of the sacred and the profane, and that rites and rituals are necessary to mark the transition between these two spheres.

Here, Durkheim outlines how totemism within an Australian aboriginal religion is an example of how collective representations are enacted through religion.

As Durkheim elaborates, représentations collectives are created through the intense interaction of religious rituals.

Durkheim concluded that ' as the rites, and especially those which are periodical, demand nothing more of nature than that it follow its ordinary course, it is not surprising that it should generally have the air of obeying them '.

Durkheim held that such a religion reflects the collective consciousness that is manifested through the identification of the individuals of the group with an animal or plant species ; it is expressed outwardly in taboos, symbols, and rituals that are based on this identification.

Like Durkheim and Parsons he analyzes society with reference to whether cultural and social structures are well or badly integrated.

As structures and mechanisms of social order among humans, institutions are one of the principal objects of study in the social sciences, such as political science, anthropology, economics, and sociology ( the latter being described by Durkheim as the " science of institutions, their genesis and their functioning ").

Durkheim used the term " mechanical solidarity " to refer to these types of " social bonds, based on common sentiments & shared moral values, that are strong among members of pre-industrial societies ".

Based on the metaphor above of an organism in which many parts function together to sustain the whole, Durkheim argued that complicated societies are held together by organic solidarity.