Roman Dutch common law is a development of Roman Dutch law by courts in the Roman Dutch common law jurisdictions.

Notably since US courts are reluctant to take up class actions brought on behalf of injured parties not residing in the US who have suffered damages due to acts or omissions committed outside the US, it may be interesting to combine a US class action and a Dutch collective action to be able come to a settlement that covers plaintiffs worldwide.

Escher " in the United States was opposed, but the Dutch company prevailed in the courts on the grounds that an artist or his heirs have a right to trademark his name.

In the Dutch courts, however, it has long been determined that the institutionalized non-enforcement of statutes with well defined limits constitutes de facto decriminalization.

The first type of attorney-general (" advocaat-generaal " in Dutch ) is the public prosecutor in criminal cases at appellate courts.

Planter political power was based in the Court of Policy and the two courts of justice, established in the late 18th century under Dutch rule.

Dutch courts have however been very reluctant to do so, limiting this to cases where government has been left no freedom of policy at all by the treaty, or to severe formal and procedural defects.

This necessitated a complete revision of the Dutch administrative court system, resulting in a much expanded access to independent administrative courts.

These other duties in fact include the resolving of conflicts of competence between courts, penal trials against judges for offences committed in office, disciplinary and advisory tasks and the decision in disputes about prizes taken by Dutch vessels.

This early formulation of the principle of Freedom of Navigation exempted all but narrowly-defined " contraband " goods, carried in Dutch ships, from confiscation by the British prize courts, in wars in which the Dutch remained neutral.

An ordinance passed in 1827 abolished the old Dutch " landdrost " and " heemraden " courts, instead substituting resident magistrates.

This legal status of unregistered partnership is respected by Dutch courts.

In 2003, courts there prevented the distribution of a Dutch translation of the first in the series, Tanya Grotter and the Magical Double Bass, after Rowling and Time Warner's lawyers issued a cease and desist order, arguing that the Grotter books violated copyright law, specifically infringing Rowling's right to control derivative works.

Janmaat was convicted of " inciting racial hatred " by the Dutch courts for speaking out against multiculturalism.

The Dutch did not want to execute the culprits summarily, as the English wished, so the States-General commissioned an inquiry by delegated judges from the highest courts in the Dutch republic to investigate the matter.

He continued to compose chamber music at the French and Dutch courts until 1740 when he retired.

# The use of Dutch would be allowed in the schools and law courts.

Dutch jewelers found a ready market for their valuable wares at the Dutch imperial court and the smaller German courts.

Seckendorff's diplomatic skill also led to recognition of the Pragmatic Sanction by the courts of numerous German principalities, Denmark, and the Dutch Republic.

This and the gabled front tend to give the construction a definite Dutch appearance.

Similarly, Afrikaners ( and Cape Coloureds ), both descendant of mainly Dutch settlers, tend to pronounce English phonemes with a strong Afrikaans inflection.

The Central Pennsylvania accent and the Susquehanna dialect are the two most commonly heard speech patterns in the county, however there are numerous Mennonites and other persons of Pennsylvania Dutch descent that inhabit the county, who tend to speak with dialects similar to Pennsylvania Dutch English.

This association is quite strong in Dutch and speakers tend to treat verbs like forgetting and losing as ergatives in the perfect tenses even though they typically have a direct object and are really transitive verbs.

Much more expansive versions tend to include the former and currently Flemish-speaking portions of France, the formerly Dutch-speaking areas of Germany, or even the ethnically Dutch and / or Afrikaans-speaking parts of South Africa and Suriname, a former Dutch territory in South America.

In contrast to southern Dutch cuisine, which tend to be soft and moist, the northeastern pastries generally are of a hard texture and heavily spiced with ginger or contain small bits of meat.

Wings placed well above the center of mass, sweepback ( swept wings ) and dihedral wings tend to increase the roll restoring force, and therefore increase the Dutch roll tendencies ; this is why high-winged aircraft often are slightly anhedral, and transport-category swept-wing aircraft are equipped with yaw dampers.

Dutch speakers tend to refer to the team as " Bergen ", the Dutch name for Mons.

Perhaps the only reason it is not seen more often is that most players of the Nimzo-Indian, Queen's Gambit Declined, and Dutch prefer to not give White the option of playing 2. e4 after 1. d4, so they tend to play 1 ... Nf6, 1 ... d5, or 1 ... f5 instead.

The report, produced by Dutch and Spanish researchers, stated that because average height women tend to be the most fertile and healthy, they would be less likely to feel threatened by women with those similar features.

Dutch Canadians, because of their shared cultural and religious heritage, tend to form tight-knit communities.

Another example is the word gift, which in English and Dutch means a " present " but in German and the Scandinavian languages means " poison " ( the Swedish word for " gift " being gåva, related to the verb " to give ").

With the exception of a few ships from Dunkirk, which came to the island in 1617 and were either driven away or forced to give a third of their catch to the Dutch, only the Dutch and merchants from Hull sent up ships to Jan Mayen from 1616 onward.

American marathon runner Kenny Moore, who wrote about the incident for Sports Illustrated, quoted Dutch distance runner Jos Hermens as saying, “ You give a party, and someone is killed at the party, you don't continue the party.

With the Kongolese refusing to give the Portuguese extra territorial rights and the Portuguese angry because of Kongolese support for previous Dutch invasions of the region.

Early Dutch television series were Morgen gebeurt het ( tomorrow it will happen ), broadcast from 1957 to 1959, about a group of Dutch space explorers and their adventures, De duivelsgrot ( the devil's cave ), broadcast from 1963 to 1964, about a scientist who finds the map of a cave that leads to the center of the earth and Treinreis naar de Toekomst ( train journey to the future ) about two young children who are taken to the future by robots who try to recreate humanity, but are unable to give the cloned humans a soul.

The two were supported by the English ambassador in The Hague, George Downing, who despised the Dutch, and reported that the Republic was politically divided between Orangists, who gladly would collaborate with an English enemy in case of war, and a States faction consisting of wealthy merchants that would give in to any English demand in order to protect their trade interests.

However formal law may give inhabitants of municipalities, that do not have the Dutch nationality, the right to elect, and be elected in, the municipal council, if they meet the other conditions ( Article 130 ).

However the Spanish kings refused to give it up, and thus one of the most difficult times started, the so-called " retorsie tijd " in which the population suffered from both Spanish as Dutch oppression.

The scientific renaissance had begun to highlight the importance of academic study, so Prince William founded the first Dutch university in Leiden, to give the Northern Netherlands an institution that could educate its citizens for religious purposes, but also to give the country and its government educated men in other fields.

In this the French would be of little help ; they had received clear orders by Louis to give absolute priority to the survival of their vessels and inform him personally about what knowledge they had gained by observing the English and Dutch tactics.

Journalist Brenda Stoter Boscolo remarks upon this in an article on the Dutch site Joop. nl " attempts through the years to give Piet another color never took hold, but through the years the custom to wear large golden earrings did disappear " The children put their shoes in front of the fireplace, hoping to find a gift in it the next morning.

The public also sympathised with Claus for his efforts to give meaning to his life beyond the restrictions that Dutch law imposed on the Royal Family's freedom of speech and action ( lest they get involved in political controversy ).

As commander of Anglo-Dutch forces he had the power to give orders to Dutch generals only when their troops were in action with his own ; at all other times he had to rely on his powers of tact and persuasion, and gain the consent of accompanying Dutch field deputies or political representatives of the States-General.

The earliest English account is that of Richard Rowland Verstegan ( 1548 – c. 1636 ), an antiquary and religious controversialist of partly Dutch descent, in his Restitution of Decayed Intelligence ( Antwerp, 1605 ); he does not give his source.

For a certain period, every Friday ( vrijdag in Dutch ) two artists or bands give a live performance.

Blow composed several anthems at an unusually early age, including Lord, Thou hast been our refuge, Lord, rebuke me not and the so-called " club anthem ", I will always give thanks, the last in collaboration with Pelham Humfrey and William Turner, either in honour of a victory over the Dutch in 1665, or more probably simply to commemorate the friendly intercourse of the three choristers.

Roosenburg convinced a Dutch captain to give her group documentation stating that they were political prisoners and should have priority in transportation home ; the paperwork she suggested did not mention their nationality, and so left them free to impersonate French or Belgian political prisoners.

To give more exposure to their work and try for a professional recording deal, a short live performance was recorded and sent to the Dutch label, Vic Records.

Alternatively, some sources give the origin of " Dutch " in this case as a corruption or a " folk-rendering " of the Pennsylvania German endonym " Deitsch ".