In The Shape of the Turtle: Myth, Art and Cosmos in Early China, Sarah Allan noted that many aspects of the Xia are simply the opposite of traits held to be emblematic of the Shang dynasty.

Early Chinese documents like the Book of Documents and the Bamboo Annals described him as a virtuous relative of the last king of the Shang dynasty who was punished for remonstrating with the king.

* Barbara Bennet Peterson, Notable Women of China: Shang Dynasty to the Early Twentieth Century-Page 352, M. E.

Image: Shang-Sanxingdui Sites. png | Sanxingdui culture existed contemporaneously with the Early and Late Shang ( 1600-1027 BCE ).

In Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative Study Trigger uses an integrated theoretical approach to look at the meaning of similarities and differences in the formation of complex societies in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, Shang of China, Aztecs and Classic Maya of Mesoamerica, Inka of the Andes, and Yoruba of Africa.

*" Anna Louise Strong, American writer in China ", in Notable Women of China: Shang Dynasty to the Early Twentieth Century.

Early descriptions of the production process and glazing techniques used for bricks can be found in the Song Dynasty carpenter's manual Yingzao Fashi, published in 1103 by the government official Li Jie, who was put in charge of overseeing public works for the central government's construction agency.

China in Central Asia: The Early Stage 125 BCE – CE 23: an annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty.

The most notable architectural remains from early Mesopotamia are the temple complexes at Uruk from the 4th millennium BC, temples and palaces from the Early Dynastic period sites in the Diyala River valley such as Khafajah and Tell Asmar, the Third Dynasty of Ur remains at Nippur ( Sanctuary of Enlil ) and Ur ( Sanctuary of Nanna ), Middle Bronze Age remains at Syrian-Turkish sites of Ebla, Mari, Alalakh, Aleppo and Kultepe, Late Bronze Age palaces at Bogazkoy ( Hattusha ), Ugarit, Ashur and Nuzi, Iron Age palaces and temples at Assyrian ( Kalhu / Nimrud, Khorsabad, Nineveh ), Babylonian ( Babylon ), Urartian ( Tushpa / Van Kalesi, Cavustepe, Ayanis, Armavir, Erebuni, Bastam ) and Neo-Hittite sites ( Karkamis, Tell Halaf, Karatepe ).

The third millennium BC is generally described as the Early Bronze Age of Mesopotamia, which ends approximately after the demise of the Third Dynasty of Ur in the 21st century BC.

Chola Dynasty, Early Medieval period.

Chola Dynasty, Early Medieval period.

The most notable architectural remains from early Mesopotamia are the temple complexes at Uruk from the 4th millennium BC, temples and palaces from the Early Dynastic period sites in the Diyala River valley such as Khafajah and Tell Asmar, the Third Dynasty of Ur remains at Nippur ( Sanctuary of Enlil ) and Ur ( Sanctuary of Nanna ), Middle Bronze Age remains at Syrian-Turkish sites of Ebla, Mari, Alalakh, Aleppo and Kultepe, Late Bronze Age palaces at Bogazkoy ( Hattusha ), Ugarit, Ashur and Nuzi, Iron Age palaces and temples at Assyrian ( Kalhu / Nimrud, Khorsabad, Nineveh ), Babylonian ( Babylon ), Urartian ( Tushpa / Van Kalesi, Cavustepe, Ayanis, Armavir, Erebuni, Bastam ) and Neo-Hittite sites ( Karkamis, Tell Halaf, Karatepe ).

This period, corresponding to the Early Bronze Age III, is the end of the First Dynasty of Uruk.

China in Central Asia: The Early Stage 125 BC – AD 23: an annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty.

Literary references to Meluhhan trade date from the Akkadian, the Third Dynasty of Ur, and Isin-Larsa Periods ( c. 2350 – 1800 BC ), but the trade probably started in the Early Dynastic Period ( c. 2600 BC ).

Chairs were in existence since at least the Early Dynasty Period.

Early in his reign, now-Emperor Wang Mang was self-confident and believed that he now had the power to implement his ideals of restoring the legendary golden age of the early Zhou Dynasty.

Early in his reign, Amenemhet I was compelled to campaign in the Delta region, which had not received as much attention as upper Egypt during the 11th Dynasty.

However, this form of writing is also attested in monuments of Ramesses II and it would, therefore, not be unexpected to find it in a document from the very late 18th Dynasty since the transition from the Early New Kingdom to the Late New Kingdom Form of writing had already occurred prior to the end of Horemheb's reign, as Frank Yurco once noted.

The First Dynasty of ancient Egypt ( notated Dynasty I ) is often combined with the Second Dynasty under the group title, Early Dynastic Period of Egypt.

China in Central Asia: The Early Stage 125 BC – AD 23: an annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty.

" Timekeeping Systems of Early Choson Dynasty.

In 982, three ambassadors sent to Champa by King Lê Hoàn of the Đại Việt ( founder of the Early Lê Dynasty ) were detained in Indrapura.

to late 15th century AD, the Nimar Region ( earlier a part of Khandesh ) underwent the ruling of many emperors from many dynasties, which include Mauryas, Sungas, Early Satvahanas, Kardamakas, Abhiras, Vakatakas, Imperial Guptas, Kalchuris, Vardhanas ( of Harsha Vardhana fame ), Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Paramaras, Faruki Dynasty etc.

China in Central Asia: The Early Stage 125 BC – AD 23: an annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty.

This is in common with Early Mandarin of the Yuan Dynasty ( c. 14th century AD ) and with a number of modern southern varieties of Chinese.

Early Buddhism avoided speculative thought on metaphysics, phenomenology, ethics, and epistemology, but was based instead on empirical evidence gained by the sense organs ( ayatana ).

Early markings from this period found on pottery and shells are thought to be ancestral to modern Chinese characters.

* The beginnings of Christian Anti-Semitism Judeophobia ( Jew Hate ) in Early Christian thought.

His finds were displayed as an exhibit on the " Early History of Johore ", at the National Museum of Singapore, and several beads that he had discovered suggested that trade went on between the Roman Empire and the Malays, presumably, Gardner thought, via India.

Other theories have proposed an even more substantial input in the Early Bronze Age than was previously thought.

Early on, several schools of thought emerged as to why capitalist economies have these long waves.

The developments of Late Antiquity in the religious thought in the far-flung Roman Empire needs to be addressed separately, as this is the context in which Early Christianity itself developed as one of several monotheistic cults, and it was in this period that the concept of " pagan " developed in the first place.

In Greco-Roman thought, the concept of metempsychosis disappeared with the rise of Early Christianity, reincarnation being incompatible with the Christian core doctrine of salvation of the faithful after death.

As in the other arts, the music of the period was significantly influenced by the developments which define the Early Modern period: the rise of humanistic thought ; the recovery of the literary and artistic heritage of ancient Greece and Rome ; increased innovation and discovery ; the growth of commercial enterprise ; the rise of a bourgeois class ; and the Protestant Reformation.

The earliest remains consist of extensive rock cut installations, initially thought to date to the Early Bronze Age by Kenyon, these have recently been re-evaluated, first by Stager and then by Franklin, and are now recognized to be the remains of an extensive early Iron Age oil and wine industry ( designated Building Period 0 ).

The climate during the Early Bronze Age ( c. 2500-1400 BC ) is thought to have been warmer than at present, as there are many remains from this period in what are now bleak uplands.

Early pies were much larger than those consumed today, and oblong shaped ; the jurist John Selden presumed that " the coffin of our Christmas-Pies, in shape long, is in Imitation of the Cratch crib ", although writer T. F. Thistleton-Dyer thought Selden's explanation unlikely, as " in old English cookery books the crust of a pie is generally called ' the coffin.

Finds from Llyn Fawr, thought to be votive offerings, include weapons and tools from the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age.

Early in the campaign it had been thought that Yeltsin, who was in uncertain health ( after recuperating from a series of heart attacks ) and whose behavior was sometimes erratic, had little chance for reelection.

It is thought that this long recovery was due to the successive waves of extinction which inhibited recovery, as well as to prolonged environmental stress to organisms which continued into the Early Triassic.

The earliest that Cypriniformes might have diverged from Characiphysi ( Characiformes and relatives ) is thought to be about the Early Triassic, about 250 million years ago ( mya ).

There are also recent signs of the reception of phenomenology ( and Heidegger's thought in particular ) within scholarly circles focused on studying the impetus of metaphysics in the history of ideas in Islam and Early Islamic philosophy ; perhaps under the indirect influence of the tradition of the French Orientalist and philosopher Henri Corbin.

* Garagin, M., P. Woodruff, Early Greek Political thought from Homer to the Sophists, Cambridge 1995.

* Garagin, M., P. Woodruff, Early Greek Political thought from Homer to the Sophists, Cambridge 1995.

Early observations established that the corona extended out to much greater distances than had previously been thought ; later observations found that the corona contained substantial density variations.

Early on, it was nicknamed Poverty Plains because the land was thought to be infertile and its first residential home was built by Samuel Fowler and his wife Naomi Noble on College Highway ( US Rts.

Early scholars thought they were related to the Arapaho Nation, who inhabited the Missouri Plains and moved west to Colorado and Wyoming.

Early prisons were used primarily to sequester criminals and little thought was given to living conditions within their walls.

Early archaeologists like Ferdinand Keller thought they formed artificial islands, much like the Scottish Crannogs, but today it is clear that the majority of settlements was located on the shores of lakes and were only inundated later on.