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Eastern and Orthodoxy
for still others, mostly of the nineteenth-century immigration, it was Roman Catholicism, and for a small minority it was Eastern Orthodoxy.
* Procession of the Cross and the beginning of Dormition Fast ( Eastern Orthodoxy )
Further, proponents of the necessity of the personal apostolic succession of bishops within the Church point to the universal practice of the undivided early Church ( up to AD 431 ), before being divided into the Church of the East, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.
The Eastern Orthodox generally recognize Roman Catholic orders, but have a different concept of the apostolic succession as it exists outside of Eastern Orthodoxy.
Athanasius is counted as one of the four Great Doctors of the Church in the Roman Catholic Church as well as one of the Great Doctors of the Church in Eastern Orthodoxy, where he is also labeled the " Father of Orthodoxy ".
Category: Eastern Orthodoxy
In Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, Lutheranism, and Anglicanism, only a bishop can ordain other bishops, priests, and deacons.
The Catholic Church does recognise as valid ( though illicit ) ordinations done by breakaway Catholic, Old Catholic or Oriental bishops, and groups descended from them ; it also regards as both valid and licit those ordinations done by bishops of the Eastern churches, so long as those receiving the ordination conform to other canonical requirements ( for example, is an adult male ) and an orthodox rite of episcopal ordination, expressing the proper functions and sacramental status of a bishop, is used ; this has given rise to the phenomenon of episcopi vagantes ( for example, clergy of the Independent Catholic groups which claim apostolic succession, though this claim is rejected by both Orthodoxy and Catholicism ).
The " Song of the Three Holy Youths " is part of the Matins service in Eastern Orthodoxy, and of Lauds on Sundays and feast days in Catholicism.
This is still the understanding in Roman Catholicism, some parts of Anglicanism, Lutheranism and Eastern Orthodoxy.
Some Christians, such as Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, also have traditions of fasting, in which saints, as well as Jesus, are claimed to have been able to go for a period of time ( without any food, or with no food but the Eucharist ).
The three primary divisions of Christianity are Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism.
Eastern Orthodoxy comprises those churches in communion with the Patriarchal Sees of the East, such as the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
Eastern Orthodoxy is the second largest single denomination in Christianity, with over 200 million adherents.
Constantine's foundation gave prestige to the Bishop of Constantinople, who eventually came to be known as the Ecumenical Patriarch, a situation that contributed to the Great Schism that divided Western Catholicism from Eastern Orthodoxy from 1054 onwards.
Its combination of modern innovation ( such as mixed gender seating ) and traditional practice particularly appealed to first and second-generation Eastern European Jewish immigrants, who found Orthodoxy too restrictive, but Reform Judaism foreign.
* Antisemitism and Eastern Orthodoxy
Modern gay Christian leader Justin R. Cannon promotes what he calls " Inclusive Orthodoxy " ( not to be confused with the Eastern Orthodox Church ).
Western crucifixes usually have a three-dimensional corpus, but in Eastern Orthodoxy Jesus's body is normally painted on the cross, or in low relief.
In Eastern Orthodoxy, marriage is treated as a Sacred Mystery ( sacrament ), and as an ordination.
Most Christians believe that the kosher food laws do not apply to them as they are no longer under the Law of Moses, and that, as Jesus taught in Mark 7: what you eat doesn't make you unclean but what comes out of a man's heart makes him unclean — although Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy have their own set of dietary observances.

Eastern and Protestantism
Trinitarianism remained the dominant doctrine in all major branches of the Eastern and Western Church and later within Protestantism until modern times.
Like the Roman Catholic Church, these ancient Eastern churches may use the doctrine of apostolic succession in ministry in their apologetics against Protestantism.
Worldwide the three largest groups of Christianity are the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the various denominations of Protestantism.
The Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox patriarchates split from one another in the East – West Schism of 1054 AD, and Protestantism came into existence during the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, splitting from the Roman Catholic Church.
The Roman Catholic Church recognizes as ecumenical various councils held later than the First Council of Ephesus ( after which churches out of communion with the Holy See because of the Nestorian Schism did not participate ), later than the Council of Chalcedon ( after which there was no participation by churches that rejected Dyophysitism ), later than the Second Council of Nicaea ( after which there was no participation by the Eastern Orthodox Church ), and later than the Fifth Council of the Lateran ( after which groups that adhered to Protestantism did not participate ).
Marian devotion similar to this kind is also found in Eastern Orthodoxy and sometimes in Anglicanism, though not in the majority of denominations of Protestantism.
During the 19th century the gospel-song genre spread rapidly in Protestantism and, to a lesser but still definite extent, in Roman Catholicism ; the gospel-song genre is unknown in the worship per se by Eastern Orthodox churches, which rely exclusively on traditional chants ( a type of hymn ).
Neither the Eastern Orthodox Church nor Protestantism accepts the concept of a limbo of infants ; but, while not using the expression " Limbo of the Patriarchs ", the Eastern Orthodox Church lays much stress on the resurrected Christ's action of liberating Adam and Eve and other righteous figures of the Old Testament, such as Abraham and David, from Hades ( see Harrowing of Hell ).
However, Latter-day Saints ( LDS ) reject the ecumenical creeds and definition of the Trinity taught by the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Anglican Communion, and Trinitarian Protestantism, and have been described as nontrinitarian and henotheistic.
This, as well as many other factors, such as the mid 15th-century invention of the printing press, and the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire, contributed to the creation of Protestantism.
* March – The Synod of Jerusalem brings together bishops and representatives from the whole of Eastern Orthodox Christendom to discuss Orthodox dogma against the challenge of Protestantism.
Historic Protestantism ( both Lutheran and Reformed ) has held to sola-fide justification in opposition to Roman Catholicism especially, but also in opposition to significant aspects of Eastern Orthodoxy.
It is officially agreed by the Catholic Church that it was magisterial Protestantism and Eastern Orthodoxy that fell into apostasy.
At the same time, both Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy see much of Protestantism as having jettisoned much Christian teaching and practice wholesale, and having added much non-Christian dogma as well.
The term describes various Christian denominations ( for example, Eastern Orthodox, Anglicanism, and the many varieties of Protestantism ).
Protestantism is the major religion in Northern, Eastern and Middle Germany: the Reformed branch in the extreme northwest and Lippe, the Lutheran branch in the north and south, and the United branch in Middle and Western Germany.
Category: Converts to Eastern Orthodoxy from Protestantism
According to Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Anglicanism and most forms of Protestantism, a baptism is not valid if the Trinitarian formula is not used in the administration of that sacrament.
Later commentators suggested placing Anglicans outside the Protestant camp, as a via media between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Christianity on one hand and Protestantism on the other, which theory has currency in some Anglican circles.
Most classification schemes list six ( in order of size: Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Anglicanism, Oriental Orthodoxy, and the Church of the East, which was originally referred to as Nestorianism but in modern times is embodied by the Assyrian Church of the East ).
Yet, irrespective of all questions of choices and actions done by which and by whom, Catholicism, Protestantism, and Eastern Orthodoxy, which all view the same books as the New Testament, view justification in the sight of God, the standing upright before God ( Romans 5: 1-2 ), as a gift of God ( Romans 3: 24 ) that cannot be merited by works done prior to God so giving it.
Category: Converts to Eastern Orthodoxy from Protestantism

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