According to the Center for Economic and Policy Research ( CEPR ), the period from 1980 – 2005 has seen diminished progress in terms of economic growth, life expectancy, infant and child mortality, and to a lesser extent education.

; Economic growth:

Economic growth can be enhanced by investment in capital, such as more or better machinery.

Economic growth reached 3. 1 % during 2000 and inflation was 9. 0 % although unemployment has yet to significantly improve.

Economic reforms were addressed to liberalization of economy and provision of sustainable economic growth, based on the private sector development.

Economic growth picked up in the late 1990s following slow growth and domestic fiscal adjustment in early years of the decade.

West Germany enjoyed prolonged economic growth beginning in the early 1950s ( Wirtschaftswunder or " Economic Miracle ").

Economic growth, after a fall in 1991 to − 11. 9 %, gradually grew until the end of the 1990s at an average annual rate of 4. 2 %.

Economic growth and the intellectual benefits of a highly developed university system, together with Scotland's traditional connections to France, then in the throes of the Enlightenment, led Scots intellectuals to develop a uniquely practical branch of humanism to the extent that Voltaire said " we look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilization ".

Economic growth dramatically increased living standards by the 1990s.

Economic growth accelerated to 5. 1 % in 2004 and reached 5. 6 % in 2005.

Economic growth is largely supported by oil extraction activities, although massive diversification is taking place.

Economic growth leads to a lower unemployment rate.

Economic recovery of the European economy has lifted exports, tourism, and overall growth.

Economic growth picked up in 1997 – 99 after stalling in 1996 due to a series of natural disasters and increases in world prices of copper and cashmere.

Economic growth was set at 7. 9 % annually, lower than the previous plan.

Economic growth in the post-World War II period occurred in the context of political stability characterized by authoritarian rule and patronage politics.

Economic and technological growth during this period improved the standard for living, which expanded opportunities for education.

Economic growth exceeded expectations in the early 2000s, despite recession in key export markets.

Economic reforms introduced shortly after independence led to healthy economic growth.

Economic growth has been uneven in the ensuing years as the economy faced a multitude of global and domestic economic and political challenges.

Economic growth in Swaziland has lagged behind that of its neighbors.

Economic growth in the United States encouraged the suburbanization of American cities that required massive investments for the new infrastructure and homes.

Economic information is made available to businessmen and economists promptly through the monthly Survey Of Current Business and its weekly supplement.

Upon receipt of an application which the Export-Import Bank is prepared to consider, the Export-Import Bank will inform the Department of Economic Affairs of the identity of the applicant, the nature of the proposed business, the amount of the proposed loan, and the general purposes for which the loan proceeds would be expended.

When the Export-Import Bank is prepared to act favorably upon an application, it will so notify the Department of Economic Affairs and will indicate the interest rate and the repayment period which would be used under the proposed loan.

Within sixty days after the receipt of notice that the Export-Import Bank is prepared to act favorably upon an application the Department of Economic Affairs will indicate to the Export-Import Bank whether or not the Department of Economic Affairs has any objection to the proposed loan.

This has caused much controversy whether the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel is actually a " Nobel Prize "

Since 2001, the economic activity in the country is regulated by the Ministry of Economic Development of Azerbaijan Republic.

Despite pronouncements at the highest levels of government on the importance of free competition, Armenia is next to last in the effectiveness of its anti-monopoly policy according to the 2010 results of the World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Report.

It is also an observer member of the Eurasian Economic Community and the Non-Aligned Movement.

Economic activity is strongly linked to the United States, with which American Samoa conducts the great bulk of its foreign trade.

The reef rim averages around 100 m across and completely encloses a shallow lagoon that has a maximum depth of 15 m. Its Exclusive Economic Zone ( EEZ ) of is contiguous with that of Europa Island.

Benin is also a member of the Economic Community of West African States ( ECOWAS ).

It also is a member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ), the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) forum and the Commonwealth of Nations.

Canada has the tenth largest economy in the world ( measured in US dollars at market exchange rates ), is one of the world's wealthiest nations, and is a member of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) and Group of Eight ( G8 ).

Apart from the United Nations, Cameroon is very active in other multilateral organisations or global institutions such as the Francophonie, the Commonwealth, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, The Group of 77, the Non-Aligned Movement, the African Union and the Economic Community of Central African States.

The Central African Republic is an active member in several Central African organizations, including the Economic and Monetary Union ( CEMAC ), the Economic Community of Central African States ( CEEAC ), the Central African Peace and Security Council ( COPAX-still under formation ), and the Central Bank of Central African States ( BEAC ).

Chile, as a member of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) organization, is seeking to boost commercial ties to Asian markets.

When construction of roads and bridges in Liberia and Sierra Leone is complete, the highway will link to another seven Economic Community of West African States ( ECOWAS ) nations to the west and north-west.

Membership in International Organizations: The major organizations in which Colombia is a member include: the Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean, Andean Pact, Caribbean Development Bank, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Group of 3, Group of 11, Group of 24, Group of 77, Inter-American Development Bank, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Chamber of Commerce, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Criminal Police Organization, International Development Association, International Finance Corporation, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Labour Organization, International Maritime Organization, International Maritime Satellite Organization, International Monetary Fund ( IMF ), International Olympic Committee, International Organization for Migration, International Organization for Standardization, International Telecommunication Union, International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, International Trade Union Confederation, Latin American Economic System, Latin American Integration Association, Latin Union, Non-Aligned Movement, Organization of American States ( OAS ), Permanent Court of Arbitration, Rio Group, United Nations ( UN ), UN Conference on Trade and Development, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UN Industrial Development Organization, UN Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees, Universal Postal Union, World Confederation of Labour, World Federation of Trade Unions, World Health Organization, World Intellectual Property Organization, World Meteorological Organization, World Tourism Organization, and World Trade Organization.

Similarly, the Economic and Financial Affairs Council is composed of national finance ministers, and they are still one per state and the chair is held by the member coming from the presiding country.

Economic planning is a mechanism for resource allocation of inputs and decision-making based on direct allocation, in contrast with the market mechanism, which is based on indirect allocation.