Economists have done empirical studies on numerous aspects of the minimum wage, prominently including:

Economists distinguish between various overlapping types of and theories of unemployment, including cyclical or Keynesian unemployment, frictional unemployment, structural unemployment and classical unemployment.

Economists work in many fields including academia, government and in the private sector, where they may also "... study data and statistics in order to spot trends in economic activity, economic confidence levels, and consumer attitudes.

During these years Franco received many awards, including " Economista do Ano 1997 " ( Economist of the Year, 1997 ), presented by the Ordem dos Economistas ( National Economists Association ), and “ Central Banker of the year, 1998 ”, presented by Euromoney, September 1998.

Economists Stephen Moore and Richard Vedder have written in the Wall Street Journal that every new dollar of new taxes leads to more than one dollar of new spending according to their research.

Economists Jacob Frenkel and Richard M. Levich investigated the performance of covered interest arbitrage strategies during the 1970s ' flexible exchange rate regime by examining transaction costs and differentials between observing and executing arbitrage opportunities.

AEA still entitles the keynote address at its annual meeting the Richard T. Ely Lecture and recently honored him in the association's annual Economists ' Calendar.

* Swedberg, Richard, Economics and Sociology: Redefining Their Boundaries: Conversations with Economists and Sociologists, Princeton University Press 1990.

Economists who advocated these policies do not necessarily share principles, such as Nobel prize-winning economists Milton Friedman ( Monetarism school ), George Stigler ( Chicago School of Economics / Neo-Classical Economics ), Richard Posner ( Chicago School / Pragmatism ), and Friedrich Hayek ( Austrian School of Economics ), have sought substantially to limit economic regulation.

Economists who studied with Hayek at the LSE in the 1930s and the 1940s include Arthur Lewis, Ronald Coase, John Kenneth Galbraith, Abba Lerner, Nicholas Kaldor, George Shackle, Thomas Balogh, Vera Smith, L. K. Jha, Arthur Seldon, Paul Rosenstein-Rodan, and Oskar Lange.

Economists from the Brookings Institution, a conservative think tank, and George Mason University have proven that indeed consumers save thanks to the lower fares resulting from a competitive airline marketplace.

" Economists working in the Marxian-Sraffian tradition represent a small minority of modern economists, and that their writings have virtually no impact upon the professional work of most economists in major English-language universities ", according to George Stigler.

* William Easterly, author of The Elusive Quest for Growth: Economists ' Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics description and review and White Man's Burden: How the West's Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good ( description and preview ).

He is also a Andrew D. White Professor-at-Large ( 2007 – 2013 ) at Cornell University and is currently ( 2010 – 2011 ) President of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists ( EAERE ).

Economists from the Austrian School argue that aggregate economic models are not well suited to describe economic reality because they waste a large part of specific knowledge.

Economists generally agree that certain amounts of inequality are necessary and desirable but that excessive inequality leads to efficiency problems and social injustice.

Economists from the Austrian school claim that governments take ownership of the means of production in certain industries and ban competition under the false pretense that they are natural monopolies.

Economists usually teach that to some degree recession is unavoidable, and its causes are not well understood.

Economists of the Austrian school argue that socialist systems based on economic planning are unfeasible because they lack the information to perform economic calculation in the first place, due to a lack of price signals and a free price system, which they argue are required for rational economic calculation.

Economists have considered poll taxes economically efficient because people are presumed to be in fixed supply.

Economists generally agree that high rates of inflation and hyperinflation are caused by an excessive growth of the money supply.

The main academic and professional organizations for the discipline of Environmental Economics are the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists ( AERE ) and the European Association for Environmental and Resource Economics ( EAERE ).

Economists are especially interested in studying the SCPP because they tend to believe that seller concentration affects the industry ’ s social performance.

Economists such as Milton Friedman and Dr. Ravi Batra have theorized ways that a modern economy could have low inflation and near full employment ( as in close to 100 % of those who are not students and are healthy enough to work, and who wish to work at any given point in time ), as of yet these have yet to be widely disseminated through the press or introduced by most governments.

Economists are also employed in banking, finance, accountancy, commerce, marketing, business administration, lobbying and non-or not-for profit organizations.

The only voices that regularly speak in favour of human rights and democratic values in the lower house are the former communists of the Democratic Bloc and the secular Economists Bloc.

Economists, especially microeconomists, are often concerned with the causes of market failure and possible means of correction.

Economists counter that deflation is hard to control once it sets in and its effects are much more damaging than modest, consistent inflation.

Economists are now actively estimating quantitative models of this type, and using them to analyze optimal monetary and fiscal policy.

Economists like Ernest Dupuis III argue that sunk costs are not taken into account when making rational decisions.

Economists have suggested that those who support protectionism ostensibly to further the interests of workers in least developed countries are in fact being disingenuous, seeking only to protect jobs in developed countries.

Economists such as Tim Harford in the Undercover Economist have argued that this is a form of price discrimination: by providing a choice between a regular and premium product, consumers are being asked to reveal their degree of price sensitivity ( or willingness to pay ) for comparable products.

Economists sometimes define price more generally as the ratio of the quantities of goods that are exchanged for each other.

Economists often estimate the VSL by looking at the risks that people are voluntarily willing to take and how much they must be paid for taking them.

Economists ’ principles are not acceptable to all ; nor is insistence upon consistency between the treatment of owner-occupied dwellings and other durables.

Economists usually distinguish several types of economic evaluation, differing in how consequences are measured:

Economists noted this transaction cost, and it has become part of economic theory, under the term " menu costs.

In September 2006 the newspaper ranked all Economists working in Germany, Austria and the German speaking part of Switzerland.

In part, the Economists own editorial stance was a simple reflection of attitudes within the UK in general, and of its two major political parties through the middle to late 20th century ( Conservative and Labour ), resisting the surrender of sovereignty to a supranational institution for as long as possible, and attempting to preserve the UK's self-image of a world power.

Economists like Prof. Jean Drez and social historian and cultural anthropologist like Badri Narayan are the part of the faculty of the institute.

Economists such as Milton Friedman from the Chicago school and others from the Public Choice school, argue that market failure does not necessarily imply that government should attempt to solve market failures, because the costs of government failure might be worse than those of the market failure it attempts to fix.

Economists Alfred Marshall, A. C. Pigou, and John Maynard Keynes ( before he developed his own, eponymous school of thought ) associated with Cambridge University, took a slightly different approach to the quantity theory, focusing on money demand instead of money supply.

Category: Economists by school of thought

Economists agree that teachers are the most important influence on student test scores inside the school, but the influence of schools and teachers is dwarfed by nonschool factors, most especially by family income.