Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment.

Ecosystems are habitats within biomes that form an integrated whole and a dynamically responsive system having both physical and biological complexes.

Ecosystems are complex adaptive systems where the interaction of life processes form self-organizing patterns across different scales of time and space.

Ecosystems are controlled both by external and internal factors.

Ecosystems are dynamic entities — invariably, they are subject to periodic disturbances and are in the process of recovering from some past disturbance.

Ecosystems in similar environments that are located in different parts of the world can end up doing things very differently simply because they have different pools of species present.

Ecosystems are controlled both by external and internal factors.

Ecosystems are dynamic entities — invariably, they are subject to periodic disturbances and are in the process of recovering from some past disturbance.

Ecosystems in similar environments that are located in different parts of the world can end up doing things very differently simply because they have different pools of species present.

Ecosystems continually exchange energy and carbon with the wider environment ; mineral nutrients, on the other hand, are mostly cycled back and forth between plants, animals, microbes and the soil.

Ecosystems are composed of a variety of abiotic and biotic components that function in an interrelated way.

Ecosystems receiving more nitrogen than the plants require are called nitrogen-saturated.

Ecosystems are no different than other bodies economically except insofar as they are far less replaceable than typical labour or commodities.

Ecosystems in and around the urban center are especially influenced by these point sources of pollution.

Ecosystems are regenerative as well.

A feature distinguishing it from prior economic regimes is the direct valuation of natural capital and ecological services as having economic value ( see The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity and Bank of Natural Capital ) and a full cost accounting regime in which costs externalized onto society via ecosystems are reliably traced back to, and accounted for as liabilities of, the entity that does the harm or neglects an asset.

Further, DOP / UAç are participants in Steering Committees for three great initiatives by Census of Marine Life program: ChEss ( Biogeography of Chemosynthetic Ecosystems ), MAR-ECO ( Patterns and Processes of the Ecosystems of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge ) and CenSeam ( A Global Census of Marine Life on Seamounts ).

Although pig-nosed turtles are protected in Indonesia under Law No. 5 / 1990 on Natural Resources and Ecosystems Conservation, smuggling occurs.

* Ecosystems Climate Alliance, an alliance of eleven NGOs committed to keeping natural terrestrial ecosystems intact

* Naiman RJ, Bilby RE, Schindler DE and Helfield JM ( 2002 ) " Pacific salmon, nutrients, and the dynamics of freshwater and riparian ecosystems " Ecosystems, 5: 399 – 417.

Since that time Dr. Church has led a number of programs with CSIRO Division of Oceanography and was Program Leader of the Oceanography Program ( now non-existent ), Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions ; former Project Leader, Leader, Southern Ocean Processes Project ( now non-existent ), CSIRO Division of Marine and atmospheric Research, Polar Waters Program ( now-non-existent ), Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre.

Ecosystems maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that modulate metabolic rates and evolutionary dynamics between living ( biotic ) and nonliving ( abiotic ) components of the planet.

Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital through the regulation of continental climates, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soils, food, fibres, medicines, erosion control, and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.

Ecosystems regenerate after a disturbance such as fire, forming Mosaic ( ecology ) | mosaics of different age groups structured across a Landscape ecology | landscape.

Ecosystems, for example, contain populations of individuals that aggregate into distinct ecological communities.

Ecosystems provide a variety of goods and services upon which people depend ; the principles of ecosystem management suggest that rather than managing individual species, natural resources should be managed at the level of the ecosystem itself.

Ecosystems provide a variety of goods and services upon which people depend.

Agile Software Development Ecosystems, Addison – Wesley.

Monitoring Ecosystems: Interdisciplinary approaches for evaluating ecoregional initiatives.

A. Estes, M. T. Tinker, T. M. Williams, D. F. Doak " Killer Whale Predation on Sea Otters Linking Oceanic and Nearshore Ecosystems ", Science, October 16, 1998: Vol.

As they move through the college years our young men and women are `` socialized '' into a broadly similar culture, at the level of personal behavior.

Moreover, whereas in Interstate Commerce Commission parlance `` variable cost '' means a cost deemed to vary in direct proportion to changes in rate of output, in the type of analysis now under review `` variable cost '' has been used more broadly, so as to cover costs which, while a function of some one variable ( such as output of energy, or number of customers ), are not necessarily a linear function.

Anura is divided into three suborders which are broadly accepted by the scientific community but the relationships between some families remains unclear.

Most broadly, all numbers that can be defined explicitly or implicitly in terms of polynomials, exponentials, and logarithms are called " elementary numbers ", and these include the algebraic numbers, plus some transcendental numbers.

However, very broadly, artillery units are assigned in direct support or in general support.

Antipsychotics are broadly divided into two groups, the typical or first-generation antipsychotics and the atypical or second-generation antipsychotics.

Beadwork techniques are broadly divided into loom and off-loom weaving, stringing, bead embroidery, bead crochet, and bead knitting.

Nevertheless, two closely related cultures are possible candidate regions as they broadly correspond to where sources placed the Basternae: the Zarubintsy culture lying in the forest-steppe zone in northern Ukraine-southern Belarus, and the Poienesti-Lukashevka culture in northern Moldavia.

According to F. W. Dobbs-Allsopp, " the widely observed unity of form and point of view ... and general resemblance in linguistic detail throughout the sequence are broadly suggestive of the work of a single author ," though other scholars see Lamentations as the work of multiple authors.

In North America, two types are generally recognized, the coastal brown bear and the inland grizzly bear, and the two types could broadly define all brown bear subspecies.

Zwingli and Calvin's heirs are far broader denominationally, and are broadly referred to as the Reformed Tradition.

A conspiracy theory explains an event as being the result of an alleged plot by a covert group or organization or, more broadly, the idea that important political, social or economic events are the products of secret plots that are largely unknown to the general public.

Vasea of Cyprus are broadly divided into two main ethnic communities, Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, who share many customs but maintain distinct identities based on ethnicity, religion, language, and close ties with their respective motherlands.

They can be divided broadly into two categories: dualist solutions that maintain Descartes ' rigid distinction between the realm of consciousness and the realm of matter but give different answers for how the two realms relate to each other ; and monist solutions that maintain that there is really only one realm of being, of which consciousness and matter are both aspects.

There are broadly speaking two different types of cell wall in bacteria, called Gram-positive and Gram-negative.

Capsids are broadly classified according to their structure.

There are broadly speaking two types of centromeres.

The results are broadly consistent with those expected from cosmic inflation as well as various other competing theories, and are available in detail at NASA's data bank for Cosmic Microwave Background ( CMB ) ( see links below ).

If people are immunized broadly, herd immunity results, with a decrease in the amount of contamination in the environment.

Derivatives are broadly categorized by the relationship between the underlying asset and the derivative ( such as forward, option, swap ); the type of underlying asset ( such as equity derivatives, foreign exchange derivatives, interest rate derivatives, commodity derivatives, or credit derivatives ); the market in which they trade ( such as exchange-traded or over-the-counter ); and their pay-off profile.

There are broadly two academic approaches to the understanding and study of expertise.