* Egypt: A Nation in Waiting ( Al Jazeera documentary focusing on past trends in Egypt's political history and protests.

Egypt's gains from annual growth rates benefited the rich and failed to trickle down and reduce the poverty which increased to about 50 % in 2011 leading to socioeconomic political instability and popular revolution on 25 January 2011.

Arabic became the language of Egypt's political administration soon after the Arab conquest in the seventh century AD, and gradually replaced Coptic as the language spoken by the populace.

Another continuing debate concerns the opposition of Horus and Set, which Egyptologists have often tried to connect with political events early in Egypt's history or prehistory.

During the Twenty-second Dynasty Tanis remained as Egypt's political capital ( though there were sometimes rival dynasties located elsewhere in Upper Egypt ).

British influence, however, continued to dominate Egypt's political life and fostered fiscal, administrative, military and governmental reforms.

In 1961, this first president of Indonesia also found another political alliance, an organization, called the Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM, in Indonesia known as Gerakan Non-Blok, GNB ) with Egypt's President Gamal Abdel Nasser, India's Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Yugoslavia's President Josip Broz Tito, and Ghana's President Kwame Nkrumah, in an action called The Initiative of Five ( Sukarno, Nkrumah, Nasser, Tito, and Nehru ).

Cromer took the view that political stability needed financial stability, and embarked on a programme of long term investment in Egypt's productive resources, above all in the cotton economy, the mainstay of the country's export earnings.

British influence, however, continued to dominate Egypt's political life and fostered fiscal, administrative, and governmental reforms.

Sadat's presidency saw many changes in Egypt's direction, reversing some of the economic and political principles of Nasserism by breaking with Soviet Union to make Egypt an ally of the United States, initiated the peace process with Israel, re-instituting the multi-party system and abandoning socialism by launching the Infitah economic policy.

The Palestinian factions were supported variously by many Arab regimes, most notably Egypt's President Nasser, who gave political support ; and Saudi Arabia, which gave financial support.

Egypt's defeat and loss of territory in the June 1967 Six-Day War was the main cause for the growth of religiously inspired political activism.

Instead, Egypt was ruled ( from 664 BC, a full eight years prior to Tanutamun's death ) by the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty, client kings established by the Assyrians who successfully brought about Egypt's political independence under their reign.

The 22-year-old Egyptian crown prince and viceroy Ramses, having made a careful study of his country and of the challenges that it faces, evolves a strategy that he hopes will arrest the decline of his own political power and of Egypt's internal viability and international standing.

He became Prime Minister of Egypt in 1919 during a difficult period in Egypt's political life.

The rise of Arab nationalism in the late 1940s and early 1950s led to increased economic and political hardship for Egypt's Jewish community.

For more than 135 years of parliamentary history Egypt witnessed 32 Parliaments whose members ranged between 75 and 458 who contributed to writing Egypt's modern political social, economic and cultural history.

Although the title is first attested in the Middle Kingdom, its full political potential was not realized until the advent of Egypt's 18th dynasty.

It was said to be Egypt's most popular and influential political party for a period in the 1920s and 30s.

In the fragile stability of this triangle, the Wafd became Egypt's preeminent political organization, described by contemporary historians as " the first in the field ," " the best organized ," and " the strongest numerically.

Egypt's emergency law imposes drastic limits on legal political opposition, and it is widely believed that elections are routinely rigged in favour of the government.

In 2007 it distributed a draft program for its proposed political party which called for a ban on women or Christians as Egypt's president, and for a special council of Islamic clerics to vet parliamentary legislation.

It was written in prison, where Qutb spent 10 years under charges of political conspiracy against Egypt's Nasser regime, and first published in 1964.

Monumental buildings were erected under their supervision, administrative and economic activities were documented by them, and tales from the mouths of Egypt's lower classes or from foreign lands survive thanks to scribes putting them in writing.

The conquests and economic advancements undertaken by Saladin effectively established Egypt's hegemony in the region.

This Bucolic War, led by one Isidorus, caused great damage to the economy and marked the beginning of Egypt's economic decline.

This move, coupled with the impression that the project was beyond Egypt's economic capabilities, caused Eisenhower to withdraw all American financial aid for the Aswan Dam project on 19 July.

Throughout the remainder of the 1970s, Sadat developed strong relations with the Western powers, repealed Egypt's Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation with the Soviet Union in March 1976, made peace with Israel in March 1979 following the Camp David Accords-where it was agreed that Israel would depart from the Sinai Peninsula in exchange for making the area a demilitarized zone and that Egypt would not seek claims to a Palestinian state in the Gaza Strip and West Bank in exchange for annual economic and military aid from the United States-and distanced Egypt from the Soviet Union.

The October Paper also announced Egypt's new economic policy as combining Arab capital, Western technology, and the state's abundant resources in an effort to transform the Egyptian economy.

Coupled with the power vacuum left by the decline of British and French power in the region after the US protested against the conduct of their allies during the Suez War, Eisenhower felt that a strong position needed to better the situation was further complicated by the positions taken by Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, who was rapidly building a power base and using it to play the Soviets and Americans against each other, taking a position of " positive neutrality " and accepting aid from the Soviets.

The heavy cost of these battles slowly exhausted Egypt's treasury and contributed to the gradual decline of the Egyptian Empire in Asia.

The heavy cost of these battles slowly exhausted Egypt's treasury and contributed to the gradual decline of the Egyptian Empire in Asia.

Coupled with the power vacuum left by the decline of Great British and French power in the region after their failure in that same war, Eisenhower felt that a strong position needed to better the situation was further complicated by the positions taken by Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, who was rapidly building a power base and using it to play the Soviets and Americans against each other, taking a position of " positive neutrality " and accepting aid from the Soviets.

The heavy cost of these battles slowly exhausted Egypt's treasury and contributed to the gradual decline of the Egyptian Empire in Asia.

Naucratis was not only the first Greek settlement in Egypt but also Egypt's most important harbor in antiquity until the rise of Alexandria and the shifting of the Nile led to its decline.

However, Egypt's strong material and diplomatic support for Iraq in the war with Iran led to warmer relations and numerous contacts between senior officials, despite the continued absence of ambassadorial-level representation.

" In early October, the United Nations Security Council ( UNSC ) met on the matter of the canal's nationalization and adopted a resolution recognizing Egypt's right to control the canal as long as it continued to allow passage through it for foreign ships.

Egyptian self-government, education, and the continued plight of Egypt's peasant majority deteriorated most significantly under British occupation.

As Ismail expanded Egypt's borders in Africa, and the Ottoman Empire continued to decay, Ismail believed he was close to realizing formal Egyptian independence, and even contemplated using the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 to declare himself Sultan of Egypt.

In response to Nasser's increasing attacks on Western colonialism and imperialism and Egypt's continued dalliance with the Soviet Union, Britain and the United States withdrew funds for the Aswan Dam in July 1956.

The office continued in existence until 525 BC under Nitocris ' successor, Ankhnesneferibre, when the Persians overthrew Egypt's last Saite ruler, Psamtik III ( 526 – 525 BC ), and enslaved his daughter.