Albert Einstein, the most famous proponent of hidden variables, objected to the fundamentally probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics, and famously declared " I am convinced God does not play dice ".

This solution had a peculiar behaviour at what is now called the Schwarzschild radius, where it became singular, meaning that some of the terms in the Einstein equations became infinite.

Bohr, in response, said " Einstein, don't tell God what to do ".

Albert Einstein and his colleagues Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen ( known collectively as EPR ) designed a thought experiment intended to reveal what they believed to be inadequacies of quantum mechanics.

Einstein asks what makes each electron's wave front " collapse " at its respective location.

After numerous detours and false starts, his work culminated in the presentation to the Prussian Academy of Science in November 1915 of what are now known as the Einstein field equations.

Finally, some of the originators of quantum theory ( notably Einstein and Schrödinger ) were unhappy with what they thought were the philosophical implications of quantum mechanics.

Einstein responded by telegram: " I believe in Spinoza's God, who reveals himself in the orderly harmony of what exists, not in a God who concerns himself with the fates and actions of human beings.

In 1947, in view of the rapidly increasingly destructive consequences of modern warfare, and with a particular concern for the consequences and costs of the newly developed atom bomb, Albert Einstein famously stated, " I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.

In this spacetime, it is possible to come up with coordinate systems such that if you pick a hypersurface of constant time ( a set of points that all have the same time coordinate, such that every point on the surface has a space-like separation, giving what is called a ' space-like surface ') and draw an " embedding diagram " depicting the curvature of space at that time, the embedding diagram will look like a tube connecting the two exterior regions, known as an " Einstein – Rosen bridge ".

In general relativity, one often first specifies a plausible distribution of matter and energy, and then finds the geometry of the spacetime associated with it ; but it is also possible to run the Einstein field equations in the other direction, first specifying a metric and then finding the energy-momentum tensor associated with it, and this is what Alcubierre did in building his metric.

Although Dirac did not at first fully appreciate what his own equation was telling him, his resolute faith in the logic of mathematics as a means to physical reasoning, his explanation of spin as a consequence of the union of quantum mechanics and relativity, and the eventual discovery of the positron, represents one of the great triumphs of theoretical physics, fully on a par with the work of Newton, Maxwell, and Einstein before him.

With just a few seconds left on the clock, Butler correctly answered a toss-up question about Einstein, and Gearreald nailed the bonus question (" For twenty points, what were Balmung and Durandal?

The origin of what was to become Brandeis was closely associated with the name of Albert Einstein from February 5, 1946, when he agreed to the establishment of the Albert Einstein Foundation for Higher Learning, Inc., until June 22, 1947, when he withdrew his support.

Six years later, Einstein would decline the offer of an honorary degree from Brandeis, writing to Brandeis president Abram L. Sachar that " what happened in the stage of preparation of Brandeis University was not at all caused by a misunderstanding and cannot be made good any more.

Maslow studied what he called exemplary people such as Albert Einstein, Jane Addams, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Frederick Douglass rather than mentally ill or neurotic people, writing that " the study of crippled, stunted, immature, and unhealthy specimens can yield only a cripple psychology and a cripple philosophy.

" Others, including non-Communists such as Albert Einstein and Nobel-Prize-winning physical chemist Harold Urey, as well as Communists or left-leaning artists such as Nelson Algren, Bertolt Brecht, Jean Cocteau, Dashiell Hammett, Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera, protested the position of the American government in what the French termed America's Dreyfus affair.

The writing in which Einstein found inspiration from Mach was " The Science of Mechanics ", where the philosopher criticized Newton's idea of absolute space, in particular the argument that Newton gave sustaining the existence of an advantaged reference system: what is commonly called " Newton's bucket argument ".

In 1905, Albert Einstein proposed the existence of a light-particle in answer to the question: " what are light quanta?

The debates between Bohr and Einstein essentially concluded in 1935, when Einstein finally expressed what is widely considered his best argument against the completeness of quantum mechanics.

At that dinner, while introducing Jones, Willie Brown stated " Let me present to you what you should see every day when you look in the mirror in the early morning hours .... Let me present to you a combination of Martin King, Angela Davis, Albert Einstein ... Chairman Mao.

I don't know what the subject of the conversation with Einstein had been about.

In the EPR paper ( 1935 ) the authors realised that quantum mechanics was inconsistent with their assumptions, but Einstein nevertheless thought that quantum mechanics might simply be augmented by hidden variables ( i. e. variables which were, at that point, still obscure to him ), without any other change, to achieve an acceptable theory.

A number of authors have published papers disputing Nimtz's claim that Einstein causality is violated by his experiments, and there are many other papers in the literature discussing why quantum tunneling is not thought to violate causality.

In this study, they formulated the EPR paradox ( Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen Paradox ), a thought experiment that attempted to show that quantum mechanical theory was incomplete.

Schrödinger intended his thought experiment as a discussion of the EPR article — named after its authors Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen — in 1935.

Each alternative seemed absurd to Albert Einstein, who was impressed by the ability of the thought experiment to highlight these issues.

( See moving magnet and conductor problem for details about the thought experiment that eventually helped Albert Einstein to develop special relativity.

For example, Albert Einstein called his 1907 general theory of relativity " the happiest thought of my life.

However, Einstein did believe that quantum state cannot be a complete description of a physical system and, it is commonly thought, never came to terms with quantum mechanics.

Albert Einstein famously agreed to participate, but thought Reich's research lacked scientific detachment and experimental rigor ; he found Reich's demonstrations of " orgone heat " inconclusive.

Although there is no record of Einstein responding to Born and Heisenberg during the technical sessions of the Fifth Solvay Congress, he did challenge the completeness of quantum mechanics during informal discussions over meals, presenting a thought experiment intended to demonstrate that quantum mechanics could not be entirely correct.

Einstein thought of the cosmological constant as an independent parameter, but its term in the field equation can also be moved algebraically to the other side, written as part of the stress – energy tensor:

Einstein, along with Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen, proposed a thought experiment to demonstrate how two physical quantities with non-commuting operators ( e. g. position and momentum ) can have simultaneous reality.

Prior to Einstein, it was thought that this speed was relative to a fixed medium, called the luminiferous ether.

The left hand side, the Einstein tensor, can be thought of as a kind of average curvature.

In the first stage, Einstein refused to accept quantum indeterminism and sought to demonstrate that the principle of indeterminacy could be violated, suggesting ingenious thought experiments which should permit the accurate determination of incompatible variables, such as position and velocity, or to explicitly reveal simultaneously the wave and the particle aspects of the same process.

Einstein originally introduced this term in his pioneering 1917 paper on cosmology, with a very specific motivation: contemporary cosmological thought held the universe to be static, and the additional term was required for constructing static model universes within the framework of general relativity.

Torrance approved of Einstein, Maxwell and Polanyi in their attempts to hold together thought and reality, experience and ideas, instead of tearing them apart and believed that theologians could learn from this.

The main influences on Vollenhoven's thought were the VU's founder Abraham Kuyper and leading theologian Herman Bavinck who both taught a theistic realism, along with a number of other VU professors and outside sources — Anema taught a transcendental realism, Wilhelm Geesink introduced Vollenhoven to the critical philosophy of Kant, Jan Woltjer taught him Classical languages and the literature and philosophy those languages carried, Woltjer also brought Vollenhoven into awareness of the modern natural-scientific theories of Lorentz, van der Waals, and Einstein.

Building on the thought of giants of the Western Tradition — such as Aristotle, Augustine, Aquinas, Kant, Hegel, Einstein, Hilbert, Gödel, Heisenberg — Lonergan portrays the human mind as a self-transcending, normatively structured, self-correcting dynamism geared to the universe of " being ", all that there is to be known and loved.

So, while still working at the patent office in 1907, Einstein had what he would call his " happiest thought ".

For a while Einstein thought that there were problems with the approach, but he later returned to it and, by late 1915, had published his general theory of relativity in the form in which it is used today.