Electrons in an s orbital benefit from closer proximity to the positively charged atom nucleus, and are therefore lower in energy.

Electrons are the charge carriers in metals and they follow an erratic path, bouncing from atom to atom, but generally drifting in the opposite direction of the electric field.

Electrons are extracted from metal electrodes either by heating the electrode, causing thermionic emission, or by applying a strong electric field and causing field electron emission.

Electrons can also be emitted from the electrodes of certain metals when light of frequency greater than the threshold frequency falls on it.

Electrons which diffuse from the cathode into the P-doped layer, or anode, become what is termed " minority carriers " and tend to recombine there with the majority carriers, which are holes, on a timescale characteristic of the material which is the p-type minority carrier lifetime.

: Electrons are transferred from iron reducing oxygen in the atmosphere into water on the cathode, which is placed in another region of the metal.

Electrons flow from the source terminal towards the drain terminal if influenced by an applied voltage.

Electrons are drawn from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit, producing direct current electricity.

Electrons emitted from the filament move several times in back and forth movements around the grid before finally entering the grid.

Electrons can absorb energy from photons when irradiated, but they usually follow an " all or nothing " principle.

Electrons tunnel from one wire to another through the island.

Electrons from ionized atoms interact mainly with neutral atoms, causing thermal bremsstrahlung radiation.

Electrons scatter from all of these, resulting in resistance to their flow.

Electrons then leak from the belt to the upper comb and to the terminal, leaving the belt positively charged as it returns down and the terminal negatively charged.

Electrons can also be completely removed from a chemical species such as an atom, molecule, or ion.

Electrons are able to jump from one band to another.

Synchrotron radiation was named after its discovery in a General Electric synchrotron accelerator built in 1946 and announced in May 1947 by Frank Elder, Anatole Gurewitsch, Robert Langmuir, and Herb Pollock in a letter entitled " Radiation from Electrons in a Synchrotron ".

Electrons in this system are not conserved, but are rather continually entering from oxidized 2H < sub > 2 </ sub > O ( O < sub > 2 </ sub > + 4 H < sup >+</ sup > + 4 e < sup >-</ sup >) and exiting with NADP < sup >+</ sup > when it is finally reduced to NADPH.

Electrons are usually generated in an electron microscope by a process known as thermionic emission from a filament, usually tungsten, in the same manner as a light bulb, or alternatively by field electron emission.

Electrons in solids have a chemical potential, defined the same way as the chemical potential of a chemical species: The change in free energy when electrons are added or removed from the system.

Electrons flow from the negative terminal of the power supply up the negative rail, across the projectile, and down the positive rail, back to the power supply.

Electrons ionized from the neutral gas are not useful in sustaining the negative corona process by generating secondary electrons for further avalanches, as the general movement of electrons in a negative corona is outward from the curved electrode.

Electrons emerging from the accelerator have energies up to 25MeV and are moving an appreciable fraction ( 95-99 + percent ) of the speed of light ( relativistic velocities ).

Electrons in this state are 45 % likely to be found within the solid body shown.

Electrons and ions in the magnetosphere, for example, will bounce back and forth between the stronger fields at the poles.

Electrons will be accelerated in the opposite direction to the electric field by the average electric field at their location.

Electrons will move to the left side ( uncovering positive ions on the right side ) until they cancel the field inside the metal.

Electrons entering the source will preferentially ionize the reagent gas.

Electrons entering the source will preferentially ionize the reagent gas.

They ’ ll carry it with them in their future life …. And this future life in the body of eons will be very long, almost as long as the Universe itself .” Suggests Charon, “ the electrons which form my body are not only carriers of what I call ‘ my ’ spirit, but, in fact constitute my spirit itself .” Electrons are sent individually into the Universe to learn and to increase the order of the Universe ; “ the psychic level of the whole Universe progressively elevates itself … during the ‘ successively lived experiences ’ of elemental matter .” The goal of each electron is to increase its energy to the highest level of sustainable excitement ; that is, to contain the most information within the largest stable system of organization possible.

Electrons that have a velocity component that is parallel to the magnetic field will rather " stretch out " the circle and form helical paths, the pitch of which is subject to the rotation period and the parallel velocity component.

Electrons that are bound to atoms possess a set of stable energy levels, or orbitals, and can undergo transitions between them by absorbing or emitting photons that match the energy differences between the levels.

Electrons traversing the periodic magnet structure are forced to undergo oscillations and thus to radiate energy.

# Electrons travel ballistically between electrodes ( i. e., no scattering ).

Electrons can be exchanged between materials on contact ; materials with weakly bound electrons tend to lose them, while materials with sparsely filled outer shells tend to gain them.

Electrons can only exist in certain energy levels.

Electrons behave as beams of energy, and in the presence of a potential U ( z ), assuming 1-dimensional case, the energy levels ψ < sub > n </ sub >( z ) of the electrons are given by solutions to Schrödinger ’ s equation,

Electrons in atoms and molecules can change ( make transitions in ) energy levels by emitting or absorbing a photon ( of electromagnetic radiation ) whose energy must be exactly equal to the energy difference between the two levels.

Electrons can take on any energy within an unfilled band.

Electrons in the closer orbitals experience greater forces of electrostatic attraction ; thus, their removal requires increasingly more energy.

Electrons can gain enough energy to jump to the conduction band by absorbing either a phonon ( heat ) or a photon ( light ).

Electrons are accelerated to high speeds in several stages to achieve a final energy that is typically in the GeV range.

Electrons are fermions, and obey the exclusion principle, which means that no two electrons can share a single energy state within an atom ( if spin is ignored ).

Electrons are accelerated to high speeds in several stages to achieve a final energy that is typically in the gigaelectronvolt range.

Electrons exist in energy levels within an atom.

Electrons can move quite freely between energy levels without a high energy cost.

Electrons emitted from the cathode possess very low energy of only a few eV.

Electrons appear as a track in the inner detector and deposit all their energy in the electromagnetic calorimeter.