Help


[permalink] [id link]
+
Page "Chemical potential" ¶ 51
from Wikipedia
Edit
Promote Demote Fragment Fix

Some Related Sentences

Electrons and solids
Electrons within the conduction band are mobile charge carriers in solids, responsible for conduction of electric currents in metals and other good electrical conductors.
Electrons also conduct electric current through conductive solids, and the thermal and electrical conductivities of most metals have about the same ratio.

Electrons and have
Electrons are responsible for emission of most EMR because they have low mass, and therefore are easily accelerated by a variety of mechanisms.
Electrons are at the heart of cathode ray tubes, which have been used extensively as display devices in laboratory instruments, computer monitors and television sets.
Electrons are particulate radiation and, hence, have cross section many times larger than photons, so that they do not penetrate the product beyond a few inches, depending on product density.
Electrons, being fermions, cannot occupy the same quantum state, so electrons have to " stack " within an atom, i. e. have different spins while at the same place.
Electrons have the least mass of all the charged leptons.
For instance, " Electrons attract protons " and " Electrons have negative charge " employ the terms " protons " and " negative charge " ( with the latter also implicitly using the concept of " charge ").
Electrons ( things that have P1 ) have charge ( P2 ).
Electrons ( things that have P1 ) cause lightning.
Electrons have
Electrons emerging from the accelerator have energies up to 25MeV and are moving an appreciable fraction ( 95-99 + percent ) of the speed of light ( relativistic velocities ).
Electrons and many elementary particles also have intrinsic magnetic moments, an explanation of which requires a quantum mechanical treatment and relates to the intrinsic angular momentum of the particles as discussed in the article electron magnetic dipole moment.
( Electrons have the Z-value unity, for nuclei it is the atomic number ).
Electrons do not penetrate as deeply into matter as X-rays, hence electron diffraction reveals structure near the surface ; neutrons do penetrate easily and have an advantage that they possess an intrinsic magnetic moment that causes them to interact differently with atoms having different alignments of their magnetic moments.
Electrons have higher diffusion constant than holes leading to fewer excess electrons at the center as compared to holes.
Electrons also have a long ballistic length at this temperature ; their mean free path can be several micrometres.
Electrons that have a velocity component that is parallel to the magnetic field will rather " stretch out " the circle and form helical paths, the pitch of which is subject to the rotation period and the parallel velocity component.

Electrons and chemical
His most noted publication was the famous 1919 article " The Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms and Molecules " in which, building on Gilbert N. Lewis's cubical atom theory and Walther Kossel's chemical bonding theory, he outlined his " concentric theory of atomic structure ".
Electrons can also be completely removed from a chemical species such as an atom, molecule, or ion.

Electrons and potential
Electrons behave as beams of energy, and in the presence of a potential U ( z ), assuming 1-dimensional case, the energy levels ψ < sub > n </ sub >( z ) of the electrons are given by solutions to Schrödinger ’ s equation,
Electrons can only reach ( and " illuminate ") a given plate element if both the grid and the plate are at a positive potential with respect to the cathode.
Electrons flow through that digit's grid and strike those plates that are at a positive potential.
# Electrons ( negatively charged ) are knocked loose from their atoms, causing an electric potential difference.

Electrons and same
Electrons are usually generated in an electron microscope by a process known as thermionic emission from a filament, usually tungsten, in the same manner as a light bulb, or alternatively by field electron emission.
*“ Electrons move at the same speed whether at Intel or AMD .”

Electrons and change
Electrons in atoms and molecules can change ( make transitions in ) energy levels by emitting or absorbing a photon ( of electromagnetic radiation ) whose energy must be exactly equal to the energy difference between the two levels.

Electrons and free
Electrons at these states can be easily excited to the conduction band, becoming free electrons, at room temperature.

Electrons and energy
Electrons that are bound to atoms possess a set of stable energy levels, or orbitals, and can undergo transitions between them by absorbing or emitting photons that match the energy differences between the levels.
Electrons in an s orbital benefit from closer proximity to the positively charged atom nucleus, and are therefore lower in energy.
Electrons can absorb energy from photons when irradiated, but they usually follow an " all or nothing " principle.
Electrons can only exist in certain energy levels.
Electrons ejected from a solid will generally undergo multiple scattering events and lose energy in the form of collective electron density oscillations called plasmons.
Electrons can take on any energy within an unfilled band.
Electrons in the closer orbitals experience greater forces of electrostatic attraction ; thus, their removal requires increasingly more energy.
Electrons can gain enough energy to jump to the conduction band by absorbing either a phonon ( heat ) or a photon ( light ).
Electrons are accelerated to high speeds in several stages to achieve a final energy that is typically in the GeV range.
Electrons are fermions, and obey the exclusion principle, which means that no two electrons can share a single energy state within an atom ( if spin is ignored ).
Electrons are accelerated to high speeds in several stages to achieve a final energy that is typically in the gigaelectronvolt range.
Electrons exist in energy levels within an atom.
Electrons can move quite freely between energy levels without a high energy cost.
Electrons traversing the periodic magnet structure are forced to undergo oscillations and thus to radiate energy.
Electrons emitted from the cathode possess very low energy of only a few eV.
They ’ ll carry it with them in their future life …. And this future life in the body of eons will be very long, almost as long as the Universe itself .” Suggests Charon,the electrons which form my body are not only carriers of what I call ‘ my ’ spirit, but, in fact constitute my spirit itself .” Electrons are sent individually into the Universe to learn and to increase the order of the Universe ; “ the psychic level of the whole Universe progressively elevates itself … during the ‘ successively lived experiences ’ of elemental matter .” The goal of each electron is to increase its energy to the highest level of sustainable excitement ; that is, to contain the most information within the largest stable system of organization possible.
Electrons appear as a track in the inner detector and deposit all their energy in the electromagnetic calorimeter.

0.167 seconds.