Electrons, being fermions, cannot occupy the same quantum state, so electrons have to " stack " within an atom, i. e. have different spins while at the same place.

Electrons do not penetrate as deeply into matter as X-rays, hence electron diffraction reveals structure near the surface ; neutrons do penetrate easily and have an advantage that they possess an intrinsic magnetic moment that causes them to interact differently with atoms having different alignments of their magnetic moments.

Electrons are bound by electromagnetic wave mechanics into orbitals around atomic nuclei to form atoms, which are the building blocks of molecules.

Electrons in atoms and molecules can change ( make transitions in ) energy levels by emitting or absorbing a photon ( of electromagnetic radiation ) whose energy must be exactly equal to the energy difference between the two levels.

Electrons normally exist in pairs in specific orbitals in atoms or molecules.

Electrons ( negative charges ) and holes ( positive charges ) both contribute to the induced thermoelectric voltage thus canceling each other's contribution to that voltage and making it small.

Electrons, within an electron shell around an atom, tend to distribute themselves as far apart from each other, within the given shell, as they can ( due to each one being negatively charged ).

They ’ ll carry it with them in their future life …. And this future life in the body of eons will be very long, almost as long as the Universe itself .” Suggests Charon, “ the electrons which form my body are not only carriers of what I call ‘ my ’ spirit, but, in fact constitute my spirit itself .” Electrons are sent individually into the Universe to learn and to increase the order of the Universe ; “ the psychic level of the whole Universe progressively elevates itself … during the ‘ successively lived experiences ’ of elemental matter .” The goal of each electron is to increase its energy to the highest level of sustainable excitement ; that is, to contain the most information within the largest stable system of organization possible.

Electrons ( the other major component of the atom ) are leptons.

Electrons within the conduction band are mobile charge carriers in solids, responsible for conduction of electric currents in metals and other good electrical conductors.

* Electrons, atoms and any other object ( such as a baseball, as described by quantum physics )

Electrons are not always shared equally between two bonding atoms ; one atom might exert more of a force on the electron cloud than the other.

Electrons in non-bonding orbitals tend to be in deep orbitals ( nearly atomic orbitals ) associated almost entirely with one nucleus or the other, and thus they spend equal time between and not between nuclei.

Electrons can transfer from one band to the other by means of carrier generation and recombination processes.

Electrons from the cathode collide with the anode material, usually tungsten, molybdenum or copper, and accelerate other electrons, ions and nuclei within the anode material.

Electrons are taken from NADPH via TrxR and are transferred to the active site of Trx, which goes on to reduce protein disulfides or other substrates.

Electrons and positrons can be discriminated from other charged particles using the emission of transition radiation, X-rays emitted when the particles cross many layers of thin materials.

Mnemonics: LEO Red Cat ( Loss of Electrons is Oxidation, Reduction occurs at the Cathode ), or AnOx Red Cat ( Anode Oxidation, Reduction Cathode ), or OIL RIG ( Oxidation is Loss, Reduction is Gain of electrons ), or Roman Catholic and Orthodox ( Reduction-Cathode, anode-Oxidation ), or LEO the lion says GER ( Losing electrons is Oxidation, Gaining electrons is Reduction )

Electrons are at the heart of cathode ray tubes, which have been used extensively as display devices in laboratory instruments, computer monitors and television sets.

Electrons at these states can be easily excited to the conduction band, becoming free electrons, at room temperature.

Electrons and ions in the magnetosphere, for example, will bounce back and forth between the stronger fields at the poles.

Electrons in the emitters, or the " holes " in the collectors, would cluster at the surface of the crystal where they could find their opposite charge " floating around " in the air ( or water ).

Electrons will be accelerated in the opposite direction to the electric field by the average electric field at their location.

Electrons exiting the source cavity are velocity modulated by the electric field as they travel through the drift tube and emerge at the destination chamber in bunches, delivering power to the oscillation in the cavity.

* Electrons are fermions, but when they pair up into Cooper pairs they act as bosons, and so can collectively form a coherent state at low temperatures.

Electrons follow the path indicated by the arrow and approach the sample at angle θ.

Electrons can only reach ( and " illuminate ") a given plate element if both the grid and the plate are at a positive potential with respect to the cathode.

Electrons flow through that digit's grid and strike those plates that are at a positive potential.

" Inelastic Scattering Of Electrons By Protons ", Department of Physics at Harvard University, United States Department of Energy ( through predecessor agency the United States Atomic Energy Commission ), ( December 1966 ).

Electrons inside the blob travel at speeds just a tiny fraction below the speed of light and are whipped around by the magnetic field.

In 1936, the two published a paper, " The Passage of Fast Electrons and the Theory of Cosmic Showers " in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series A, in which they used their theory to describe how primary cosmic rays from outer space interact with the upper atmosphere to produce particles observed at the ground level.

*“ Electrons move at the same speed whether at Intel or AMD .”

Electrons emitted at any point are accelerated a modest distance down the funnel before impacting the surface, perhaps on the opposite side of the funnel.

Electrons have higher diffusion constant than holes leading to fewer excess electrons at the center as compared to holes.

Electrons also have a long ballistic length at this temperature ; their mean free path can be several micrometres.

Electrons move according to the cross product of the magnetic field and the electron propagation vector, such that, in an infinite uniform field moving electrons take a circular motion at a constant radius dependent upon electron velocity and field strength according to the following equation, which can be derived from circular motion:

Electrons and holes are injected into the organic layer at the electrodes and form excitons, a bound state of the electron and hole.

Electrons move quite long distances through proteins by hopping along chains of these cofactors.

Electrons which diffuse from the cathode into the P-doped layer, or anode, become what is termed " minority carriers " and tend to recombine there with the majority carriers, which are holes, on a timescale characteristic of the material which is the p-type minority carrier lifetime.

: Electrons are transferred from iron reducing oxygen in the atmosphere into water on the cathode, which is placed in another region of the metal.

His most noted publication was the famous 1919 article " The Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms and Molecules " in which, building on Gilbert N. Lewis's cubical atom theory and Walther Kossel's chemical bonding theory, he outlined his " concentric theory of atomic structure ".

Electrons are those things about which all the statements of the theory are true.

Electrons are fermions, and obey the exclusion principle, which means that no two electrons can share a single energy state within an atom ( if spin is ignored ).

The various national laboratories are still utilizing thyratron-based 10EE and 13EE / EE1000 machines and Richardson Electronics, as the successor to Electrons Inc, still makes the thyratrons which these machines utilize.

Electrons and many elementary particles also have intrinsic magnetic moments, an explanation of which requires a quantum mechanical treatment and relates to the intrinsic angular momentum of the particles as discussed in the article electron magnetic dipole moment.

Electrons which are trapped in an electromagnetic cavity are in a bound state and thus organise themselves as they do in a regular atom, thus expressing chemical-like behaviour.

Electrons are reflected from the outside surface of the sheath while all positive ions which reach the sheath are attracted to the electrode.

Electrons that have a velocity component that is parallel to the magnetic field will rather " stretch out " the circle and form helical paths, the pitch of which is subject to the rotation period and the parallel velocity component.