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Emission test results from individual vehicles are in many cases compiled to evaluate the emissions performance of various classes of vehicles, the efficacy of the testing program and of various other emission-related regulations ( such as changes to fuel formulations ) and to model the effects of auto emissions on public health and the environment.
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Emission and results
* Emission theory, a competing theory for the special theory of relativity, explaining the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment
Emission theory ( also called emitter theory or ballistic theory of light ) was a competing theory for the special theory of relativity, explaining the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment.
Emission and from
* Emission ( radiocommunications ), the radio signal ( usually modulated ) emitted from a radio transmitter
As deforestation contributes to global warming, Greenpeace has demanded that REDD ( Reduced Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation ) should be included in the climate treaty following the Kyoto treaty.
Historically, the word " maser " is derived from the original upper-case acronym MASER, which stands for " Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation ".
Emission nebulae emit spectral line radiation from ionized gas ( mostly ionized hydrogen ); they are often called HII regions ( the term " HII " is used in professional astronomy to refer to ionized hydrogen ).
Emission of soot from a large diesel engine | diesel truck, without particle filters.
* Emission security ( EMSEC ): Protection resulting from all measures taken to deny unauthorized persons information of value which might be derived from intercept and analysis of compromising emanations from crypto-equipment, automated information systems ( computers ), and telecommunications systems.
The European Pollutant Emission Register ( EPER ) showed that in 2004, estimated dioxin emissions from the ILVA plant were responsible for 83 % of Italy's total reported emissions.
* Imaging of Ultraweak Spontaneous Photon Emission from Human Body Displaying Diurnal Rhythm
* Photoelectric effect — Emission of electrons from a surface ( usually metallic ) upon exposure to, and absorption of, electromagnetic radiation ( such as visible light and ultraviolet radiation ).
A much higher quality DEM from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer ( ASTER ) instrument of the Terra satellite is also freely available for 99 % of the globe, and represents elevation at a 30 meter resolution.
Emission of isoprene is also observed in some bacteria and this is thought to come from non-enzymatic degradations from DMADP.
Examples include laser ( 1960 ) from Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, robotics ( 1941 ), agitprop ( 1930 ), searchency ( 2010 ).
* laser ( 1960 ) from Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Emission nebulae often have dark areas in them which result from clouds of dust which block the light.
Emission from the Sun at centimetric ( radio ) wavelength is due primarily to coronal plasma trapped in the magnetic fields overlying active regions.
After Spirit stopped working scientists studied old data from the Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer, or Mini-TES and confirmed the presence of large amounts of carbonate-rich rocks, which means that regions of the planet may have once harbored water.
* Noise Equivalent Counts, a term from Positron Emission Tomography
Emission of radiation is typically described using semi-classical quantum mechanics: the particle's energy levels and spacings are determined from quantum mechanics, and light is treated as an oscillating electric field that can drive a transition if it is in resonance with the system's natural frequency.
Emission spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique which examines the wavelengths of photons emitted by atoms or molecules during their transition from an excited state to a lower energy state.
Emission lines from hot gases were first discovered by Ångström, and the technique was further developed by David Alter, Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen.
Emission from a bulk metal conduction band is a situation of the second type, and discussion here relates to this case.
In addition companies can purchase Certified Emission Reductions ( CERs ) which result from mitigated carbon emissions from UNFCCC approved projects for voluntary purposes.
Emission and vehicles
In 1994, continuing the company's research into low environmental-impact vehicles, Bertone presented the Zero Emission Record ( ZER ), a futuristic reinterpretation of the Abarth 750 Record.
* SULEV ( Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle ): These vehicles emit substantially lower levels of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and particulate matter than conventional vehicles.
The vehicles constructed to meet the PZEV requirements must achieve both SULEV ( Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle ) exhaust emissions and zero evaporative ( fuel system ) emissions.
In addition, these BMW vehicles were certified as Partial Zero Emission Vehicles ( PZEV ): they meet the SULEV tailpipe emission standard, which is approximately 1 / 5 of the ULEV standard, and they conform to the Zero Evaporative Emissions requirements.
Emission standards for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles are summarised in the following tables.
Emission and are
Structured illumination can improve resolution by around two to four times and techniques like stimulated Emission Depletion microscopy are approaching the resolution of electron microscopes.
Other names for emissions permits are carbon credits, Kyoto units, assigned amount units, and Certified Emission Reduction units ( CER ).
From ITU, 1. 145 Spurious emission: Emission on a frequency or frequencies which are outside the
Similarly, introduction of a Carbon Emission Trading Scheme may feel good, but may be counterproductive if the cost of carbon is priced too low, or if large emitters are given " free credits ".
Maximum wavelengths of absorption (≈ excitation ) and emission ( for example, Absorption / Emission = 485 nm / 517 nm ) are the typical terms used to refer to a given fluorophore, but the whole spectrum may be important to consider.
Emission standards are requirements that set specific limits to the amount of pollutants that can be released into the environment.
Metals are commonly measured by atomic spectroscopy and mass spectrometry: Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ( AAS ) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission ( ICP-AES ) or Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometric ( ICP-MS ) techniques.
The core of the TRIUMF nuclear medicine program is Positron Emission Tomography or PET imaging, a technique whereby tiny amounts of radioactive nuclei known as radioisotopes are combined with certain bio-molecules and injected into the body.
( Not to be confused with Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles which are certified as ZEV or Zero Emission Vehicles ) In addition to the 15 year or 150, 000 mile warranty for zero evaporative ( fuel system ) emissions, and SULEV tailpipe emissions, PHEVs must also warranty their traction battery for 10 years or 150, 000 miles.
Thus, Earth observation or weather satellite collection platforms, ocean and atmospheric observing weather buoy platforms, monitoring of a pregnancy via ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI ), Positron Emission Tomography ( PET ), and space probes are all examples of remote sensing.
Note that the lava flows are crosscut by faults and graben, indicating that the faults are younger than the flows ( Thermal Emission Imaging System | THEMIS VIS ).
Emission from HH objects is caused by shock waves when they collide with the interstellar medium, but their motions are complicated.
where is the breakdown potential in volts DC, and are constants that depend on the surrounding gas, represents the pressure of the surrounding gas, represents the distance in centimetres between the electrodes, and represents the Secondary Electron Emission Coefficient.
VCA are also responsible for the production of the New Car Fuel Consumption and Emission Figures booklet, published annually and available free of charge from all new car dealers, or direct from VCA.
Once approved, these units are termed Certified Emission Reductions, or CERs.
Emission intensities are used to derive estimates of air pollutant or greenhouse gas emissions based on the amount of fuel combusted, the number of animals in animal husbandry, on industrial production levels, distances traveled or similar activity data.
The global carbon market is dominated by the European Union, where companies that emit greenhouse gases are required to cut their emissions or buy pollution allowances or carbon credits from the market, under the European Union Emission Trading Scheme ( EU ETS ).
Under schemes such as the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, EU Emission Allowances ( EUA ’ s ), which represent the right to release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, are issued to all the largest polluters.
A Kyoto Certified Emission Reduction unit ( CER ), produced by a carbon project that has been certified by the UNFCCC's Clean Development Mechanism Executive Board, or Emission Reduction Unit ( ERU ) certified by the Joint Implementation project's host country or by the Joint Implementation Supervisory Committee, are accepted by the EU as equivalent.
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