* 1061 – Empress Agnes, acting as regent for her son, brings about the election of bishop Cadalus, the antipope Honorius II.

As guardian of Henry III's infant son Henry and adviser of the Empress Agnes, Henry IV's mother and regent, Victor II now wielded enormous power, which he used to maintain peace throughout the empire and to strengthen the papacy against the aggressions of the barons.

* Agnes, Empress, regent of the Holy Roman Empire

* Empress Agnes of Poitou, regent of the Holy Roman Empire ( d. 1077 )

At Leo's death, the new Pope, Victor II, confirmed him as legate, while Victor's successor Stephen IX sent him and Anselm of Lucca to Germany to obtain recognition from the Empress Agnes de Poitou.

Mary of Teck ( Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes ; 26 May 1867 – 24 March 1953 ) was the queen consort of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Empress of India, as the wife of King-Emperor George V.

Judith ( also named Maria in some sources ) was the youngest of the six children born to Emperor Henry III and Empress Agnes.

Hildebrand, later Pope Gregory VII ( 1073 – 85 ), had been sent by the late Pope Stephen IX ( 1057 – 58 ) to the court of Empress Agnes ( mother and regent for Emperor Henry IV, then a minor ), who had questioned the validity of Stephen IX's election.

When, on his return to Rome, he heard of Benedict X's election, he decided to oppose it, and obtained the support of the Duke of Lorraine-Tuscany and Empress Agnes for the election of Gerhard of Burgundy, Bishop of Florence, as Pope instead.

Agnes of Poitou, Agnes of Aquitaine or Empress Agnes ( – 14 December 1077 ) was Holy Roman Empress and regent of the Holy Roman Empire from 1056 to 1062.

Twenty-eight days after Alexander II's election an assembly of German and Lombard bishops and notables opposed to the reform movement was brought together at Basel by the Empress Agnes as regent for her son, Emperor Henry IV ( 1056 – 1105 ), and was presided over by the Imperial Chancellor Wilbert.

Anno, the powerful Archbishop of Cologne, had seized the regency, and the Empress Agnes retired to the convent at Fructuaria in Piedmont.

A cleric, he was appointed to the Imperial chancellorship for Italy by the Empress Agnes in 1058, which position he held until 1063 .< ref > Carlo Dolcini, " Clement III, antipapa ", Enciclopedia dei Papi, Rome, 2000: < http :// www. treccani. it / enciclopedia / clemente-iii_ % 28Enciclopedia_dei_Papi % 29 />; Charles A. Coulombe, Vicars of Christ: A History of the Popes, ( Kensington Publishing Corp., 2003 ), 218 .</ ref > In 1058 he participated in the election of Pope Nicholas II but on his death in 1061, he sided with the philo-imperial party to elect Cadalous of Parma as Antipope Honorius II against Pope Alexander II.

However, owing to the campaigns of Godfrey III, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Archbishop Anno of Cologne, and St. Peter Damian, the Church by-and-large rejected Honorius II and acknowledged Alexander II ; probably as a result of these activities, the Empress Agnes dismissed Guibert from the Imperial Chancellorship of Italy.

Tusculum had in this time several notable guests: Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, and his wife Empress Agnes in 1046, the Pope Eugene III from 1149, Louis VII of France and his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine in 1149, Frederick Barbarossa and the English Pope Adrian IV in 1155.

Otto belonged to the rich and influential Saxon family of the counts of Northeim, and having distinguished himself in war and peace alike, in 1061 received the Stem Duchy of Bavaria from the Dowager Empress Agnes of Poitou, widow of Emperor Henry III and mother of the child Emperor Henry IV.

After the fall of Constantinople in 1204, Agnes derived respect from the Latin barons due to her being a former Empress.

He had now taken over the position of commander-in-chief of the armed forces and during his absence at his headquarters at Mogilev, he had left most of the day-to-day government in the hands of the Empress who was intensely unpopular, owing to her German origin and the influence that Rasputin, an unsavoury monk, was thought to exercise over her.

Empress Eugénie ( widow of Napoleon III ) arrived in 1880 and the same year Prince Henry of Prussia arrived in a German frigate.

Victoria's eldest daughter, the Princess Royal, becomes German Empress when her husband succeeds as Frederick III, German Emperor.

* April 11 – Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein, Last German Empress, wife of Wilhelm II ( born 1858 )

Empress ( German: Kaiserin ) of Austria Elisabeth of Bavaria, also known as Sissi, was a woman entranced by beauty.

******* HI & RM The Princess Victoria, Princess Royal, German Empress, Queen of Prussia ( 1840 – 1901 )

The German Emperor Wilhelm II, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, Grand Duke Ernest Louis of Hesse, Duke Charles Edward of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and Duke Ernst August of Brunswick were Edward's nephews ; Queen Victoria Eugenia of Spain, Crown Princess Margaret of Sweden, Crown Princess Marie of Romania, Crown Princess Sophia of Greece, Empress Alexandra of Russia, Grand Duchess Alexandra of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and Duchess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen were his nieces ; Haakon VII of Norway was both his nephew by marriage and his son-in-law ; George I of Greece and Frederick VIII of Denmark were his brothers-in-law ; Albert I of Belgium, Charles I and Manuel II of Portugal, and Tsar Ferdinand of Bulgaria were his second cousins.

Catherine the Great-the most famous Russian Empress of German descent

The White Ship also sets the stage for the novel Hiobs Brüder ( The Brothers of Job ) by the German author Rebecca Gablé, which details the rise of Henry II of England, son of Empress Matilda.

The German fantasy novel by Michael Ende The Neverending Story ( German: Die unendliche Geschichte 1979 and Ralph Manheim's English translation 1983 ) begins in Fantastica, when a will-o '- the-wisp goes to ask the Childlike Empress for help against the Nothing, which is spreading over the land.

Even as late as 1917, The German ambassador in Vienna, Count Otto Wedel would write to Berlin saying " The Empress is descended from an Italian princely house ... People do not entirely trust the Italian and her brood of relatives.

Following King Henry's death in 1135 the succession was disputed between the king's nephews — Stephen and his elder brother, Theobald II, Count of Champagne — and Henry's surviving legitimate child Matilda, usually known as the Empress Matilda because of her first marriage to the German Emperor, Henry V. King Henry's only legitimate son, William, had died in 1120.

Kaiser is the German title meaning " Emperor ", with Kaiserin being the female equivalent, " Empress ".

In 1943 Bürger's book was adapted into a German feature film, Münchhausen, directed by Josef von Báky, with Hans Albers in the title role and Brigitte Horney as the Empress Catherine the Great, written by Erich Kästner.

She became German Empress and Queen of Prussia by marriage to German Emperor Frederick III.

After her husband's death, she became widely known as Empress Frederick ( German: Kaiserin Friedrich ).

Her godparents were: Queen Victoria ( her paternal grandmother ); the German Empress ( for whom Alice's paternal aunt Princess Beatrice stood proxy ); William III, King of the Netherlands ( for whom the Dutch Ambassador Count de Bylandt stood proxy ); Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse ( her namesake's widower, whose brother-in-law the Duke of Edinburgh represented him ); the Princess of Waldeck-Pyrmont ( her maternal grandmother ); the Prince of Wales ( her paternal uncle ); the German Crown Princess ( her paternal aunt, whose sister-in-law the Princess of Wales represented her ); Prince Wilhelm of Württemberg ( her cousin, for whom his cousin the Duke of Teck stood proxy ); the Hereditary Princess of Bentheim and Steinfurt ( her maternal aunt, for whom her paternal aunt Princess Christian stood proxy ); and the Duchess of Cambridge ( an aunt of the Queen, whose daughter the Duchess of Teck represented her ).

Queen Victoria, initially worried that Helena might turn out to be a stereotypically-remote German Princess, remarked in a letter to her eldest daughter Vicky ( German Empress, Queen of Prussia and Princess Royal ) that she was pleased Helena liked ' to go among the people.

In addition to the German Emperor and Empress and the Duke and Duchess of Cumberland, George V and Queen Mary of the United Kingdom and Tsar Nicholas II attended.

New Crowns for Old depicts Disraeli as Abanazer from the pantomime version of Aladdin offering Queen Victoria | Victoria an imperial crown in exchange for a royal one. Disraeli cultivated a public image of himself as an Imperialist with grand gestures such as conferring on Queen Victoria the title “ Empress of India ”.

A leading proponent of the Great Game, Disraeli introduced the Royal Titles Act 1876, which created Queen Victoria Empress of India, putting her at the same level as the Russian Tsar.

Empress Matilda ( 1102 – 1167 ) is the only British monarch commonly referred to as " emperor " or " empress ", but acquired her title through her marriage to Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, and had little legitimacy as Queen of England.

The only period when British monarchs held the title of Emperor in a dynastic succession started when the title Empress of India was created for Queen Victoria.

The last Empress of India was HM Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother.

" Itegue " translates as Empress, and was also used by the only female reigning Empress, Zauditu, along with the official title Negiste Negest ( Queen of Kings ).

The transition to formal imperialism, characterised by Queen Victoria being crowned " Empress of India " in the 1870s was a gradual process.

It was confiscated from Kharak Singh in 1850 by the British East India Company and became part of the British Crown Jewels when Queen Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India in 1877.

This was not surprising as Maria was merely a deposed Dowager Empress while her older sister was a popular Dowager Queen.

Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli cultivated a public image as an Imperialist with grand gestures such as conferring on Queen Victoria | Victoria the title “ Empress of India ”.

Disraeli, who expanded the Empire to protect British interests abroad, cultivated the image of himself ( and the Conservative Party ) as " Imperialist ", making grand gestures such as conferring the title " Empress of India " on Queen Victoria in 1876.

The following month, however, the Empress was invited by the Dowager Queen Adeliza to land at Arundel instead, and on 30 September Robert of Gloucester and the Empress arrived in England with 140 knights.

Queen Matilda gathered Stephen's remaining lieutenants around her and the royal family in the south-east, advancing into London when the population rejected the Empress.

Henry's alliance with the Empress proved short-lived, as they soon fell out over political patronage and ecclesiastical policy ; the bishop met Stephen's wife Queen Matilda at Guildford and transferred his support to her.

Further negotiations attempted to deliver a general peace agreement but Queen Matilda was unwilling to offer any compromise to the Empress, and Robert refused to accept any offer to encourage him to change sides to Stephen.

Gladstone denounced Disraeli's policies of territorial aggrandizement, military pomp, and imperial symbolism ( such as making the Queen Empress of India ), saying it did not fit a modern commercial and Christian nation.

* December – Delhi Durbar held to mark the coronation of King George V of the United Kingdom and Queen Mary as Emperor and Empress of India and the transfer of the capital of the British Raj from Calcutta to Delhi.

* December – The Gateway of India is constructed in Bombay, to commemorate Queen Victoria's reign as Empress of India.

* January 22 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Empress of India ( born 1819 )

* October 8 – Empress Myeongseong ( Queen Min ), last Korean empress ( b. 1851 ), assassinated