English philosopher Samuel Alexander's debt to Wordsworth and Meredith is a recent interesting example, as also A. N. Whitehead's understanding of the English romantics, chiefly Shelley and Wordsworth.

* John Austin ( legal philosopher ) ( 1790 – 1859 ), English jurist

In 1805, English instructor and natural philosopher John Dalton used the concept of atoms to explain why elements always react in ratios of small whole numbers ( the law of multiple proportions ) and why certain gases dissolved better in water than others.

* 1686 – John Balguy, English philosopher ( d. 1748 )

* 1891 – C. E. M. Joad, English philosopher and broadcaster ( d. 1953 )

* 1900 – Gilbert Ryle, English philosopher ( d. 1976 )

* 1632 – John Locke, English philosopher and physician ( d. 1704 )

* 1705 – David Hartley, English philosopher ( d. 1757 )

He befriended English poet Matthew Arnold and English philosopher Herbert Spencer as well as being in correspondence and acquaintance with most of the U. S. Presidents, statesmen, and notable writers.

Basic English, also known as Simple English, is an English-based controlled language created ( in essence as a simplified subset of English ) by linguist and philosopher Charles Kay Ogden as an international auxiliary language, and as an aid for teaching English as a Second Language.

Charles Babbage, FRS ( 26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871 ) was an English mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer who originated the concept of a programmable computer.

Hedonism, for example, teaches that this feeling is pleasure — either one's own, as in egoism ( the 17th-century English philosopher Thomas Hobbes ), or everyone's, as in universalistic hedonism, or utilitarianism ( the 19th-century English philosophers Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, and Henry Sidgwick ), with its formula of the " greatest pleasure of the greatest number.

Other utilitarian-type views include the claims that the end of action is survival and growth, as in evolutionary ethics ( the 19th-century English philosopher Herbert Spencer ); the experience of power, as in despotism ( the 16th-century Italian political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli and the 19th-century German Friedrich Nietzsche ); satisfaction and adjustment, as in pragmatism ( 20th-century American philosophers Ralph Barton Perry and John Dewey ); and freedom, as in existentialism ( the 20th-century French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre ).

* Samuel Taylor Coleridge ( 1772 – 1834 ), English poet and philosopher

* 1679 – Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher ( b. 1588 )

* 1947 – Alfred North Whitehead, English mathematician and philosopher ( b. 1861 )

* 1631 – Anne Conway, Viscountess Conway, English philosopher ( d. 1679 )

In archaeology, for example, the contributions of Frederick Haverfield and Reginald Smith to the various volumes of the Victoria County Histories raised the discipline from the status of an antiquarian pastime to that of the most valuable single tool of the early English historian.

* 1726 – Charles Burney, English historian ( d. 1814 )

* 1820 – George Grove, English historian ( d. 1900 )

* 1882 – Gisela Richter, English archaeologist and historian ( d. 1972 )

* 1597 – Roger Twysden, English historian and politician ( d. 1672 )

* 1852 – Arnold Toynbee, English economist and historian ( d. 1883 )

* 1889 – Arnold Joseph Toynbee, English historian ( d. 1975 )

* 1911 – A. N. Sherwin-White, English historian ( d. 1993 )

The 20th-century historian Frank Stenton said of the Anglo-Saxon chronicler that " his inaccuracy is more than compensated by his preservation of the English title applied to these outstanding kings ".

" English historian A. J. P.

Indeed John Morris, the English historian who specialized in the study of the institutions of the Roman Empire and the history of Sub-Roman Britain, suggested in his book The Age of Arthur that as the descendants of Romanized Britons looked back to a golden age of peace and prosperity under Rome, the name " Camelot " of Arthurian legend may have referred to the capital of Britannia ( Camulodunum, modern Colchester ) in Roman times.

* 1678 – Daniel Neal, English historian ( d. 1743 )

( Incidentally, the date of Easter itself is fixed by an approximation of lunar cycles used in the Hebraic calendar, but according to the historian Bede the English name " Easter " comes from a pagan celebration by the Germanic tribes of the vernal ( spring ) equinox.

Edward Gibbon ( 27 April 173716 January 1794 ) was an English historian and Member of Parliament.

* 1912 – John Edward Christopher Hill, English historian ( d. 2003 )

* 1876 – George Macaulay Trevelyan, English historian ( d. 1962 )

* 1609 – Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, English historian ( d. 1674 )

The Scottish historian Thomas Carlyle suggested somewhat more serious English names in his 1837 work The French Revolution: A History, namely Vintagearious, Fogarious, Frostarious, Snowous, Rainous, Windous, Buddal, Floweral, Meadowal, Reapidor, Heatidor, and Fruitidor.

During the Irving v Penguin Books and Lipstadt trial it became evident that the court need to identify what was an " objective historian " in the same vein as the reasonable person, and reminiscent of the standard traditionally used in English law of " the man on the Clapham omnibus ".

Often called " the first modern historian ", the English scholar Edward Gibbon wrote his magnum opus, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire ( 1776 – 1788 ).

* 1914 – Hugh Trevor-Roper, English historian ( d. 2003 )

* 1922 – Ernle Bradford, English historian and writer ( d. 1986 )

* 1909 – C. Northcote Parkinson, English historian ( d. 1993 )

* 1931 – Eric Ives, English historian ( d. 2012 )

* 1794 – Edward Gibbon, English historian ( b. 1737 )