American novelist James Fennimore Cooper's Last of the Mohicans and other novels reflect republican and egalitarian ideals present alike in Rousseau, Thomas Paine, and also in English Romantic primitivism.

Thus the etymological clarification and reform of American English promised to improve citizens ' manners and thereby preserve republican purity and social stability.

Other common traps for semantic disputes include the usage of words such as liberal, democrat, conservative, republican, progressive, free, welfare or socialist whose meanings in English, or in the United States, are often quite different from how similar words are understood in other languages, countries, or cultures.

: Two political Sects have arisen within the U. S. the one believing that the executive is the branch of our government which the most needs support ; the other that like the analogous branch in the English Government, it is already too strong for the republican parts of the Constitution ; and therefore in equivocal cases they incline to the legislative powers: the former of these are called federalists, sometimes aristocrats or monocrats, and sometimes tories, after the corresponding sect in the English Government of exactly the same definition: the latter are stiled republicans, whigs, jacobins, anarchists, disorganizers, etc.

Richard Price ( 23 February 1723 – 19 April 1791 ) was a Welsh moral philosopher and preacher in the tradition of English Dissenters, and a political pamphleteer, active in radical, republican, and liberal causes such as the American Revolution.

Algernon Sidney or Sydney ( 14 or 15 January 1623 – 7 December 1683 ) was an English politician, republican political theorist, colonel, and opponent of King Charles II of England, who became involved in a plot against the King and was executed for treason.

Il Risorgimento (" The Resurgence " in English ) was a liberal, nationalist newspaper founded in Turin 15 December 1847 by Count Camillo Benso di Cavour and Cesare Balbo, who was a backbone of the " neo-Guelph " party that saw in future a rejuvenated Italy under a republican government with a papal presidency — ideas with which Cavour did not agree.

Cromwell's Protectorate was less ideologically republican and was seen by Cromwell as restoring the mixed constitution of monarchy, aristocracy and democracy found in classical literature and English common law discourse.

Although England, Ireland and Scotland became constitutional monarchies, after the reigns of Charles II and his brother James II & VII, and with the ascension of William and Mary to the English, Irish and Scottish thrones as a result of the Glorious Revolution of 1688, there have been movements throughout the last few centuries whose aims were to remove the monarchy and establish a republican system.

Robert Colgate ( 1758 – 1826 ) was an 18th century English farmer, politician and sympathiser with the American War of Independence and French Revolution, whose republican ideals impelled him to leave their farm in Shoreham, Kent in March 1798 and emigrate to Baltimore, Maryland, in the United States of America, after which the family settled on a farm in Harford County, Maryland.

For the lists of the earliest, mythological rulers, both titles are conventionally translated in English as " Sovereigns " though individual rulers entitled either huang or di from this period are translated in English with the title " Emperor " as these early mythological histories aim to feature the sovereigns of the evolving polity of the Chinese state, tracking those states which can best be claimed in a roughly continuous chain of imperial primacy interspersed with several periods of disunity such as the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period, the Three Kingdoms Period, the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, the republican Chinese Civil War and so on.

* John Hooker ( English constitutionalist ) ( c. 1527 – 1601 ) English writer, solicitor, antiquary, civic administrator and advocate of republican government

Baptists first arrived in Scotland with the armies of English republican Oliver Cromwell in the 1650s, who established small churches in Leith, Perth, Cupar, Ayr and Aberdeen, but they did not survive for long, partly because of their association with Cromwell ( who was generally not welcomed in Scotland ), but more especially as a result of strident and often violent opposition instigated and inspired by the Church of Scotland and the Parliament of Scotland which it controlled.

The liberal English author and the well read republican heiress found each other congenial company.

During the English Interregnum of 1649-1660, a republican half crown was issued, bearing the arms of the Commonwealth of England, despite monarchist associations of the coin's name.

Duvernay, editor of La Minerve and Daniel Tracey, another editor of the English language The Vindicator newspaper were arrested for libel and imprisoned together for 40 days for writing articles that said that “ it is certain that before long all of America must be republican .” They were released after much public support and condemnation of the arrests.

: Two political Sects have arisen within the U. S. the one believing that the executive is the branch of our government which the most needs support ; the other that like the analogous branch in the English Government, it is already too strong for the republican parts of the Constitution ; and therefore in equivocal cases they incline to the legislative powers: the former of these are called federalists, sometimes aristocrats or monocrats, and sometimes tories, after the corresponding sect in the English Government of exactly the same definition: the latter are stiled republicans, whigs, jacobins, anarchists, disorganizers, etc.

Insofar today's parliament can be called " Diet " as well, but uses the term " National Assembly " in English in order to differentiate between today's unicameral republican assembly and the bicameral one during the monarchy.

He was an officer in Parliamentary army during the English Civil War and an active supporter of the republican cause during the Interregnum.

When the border between Spain and Gibraltar was eventually closed by the Spanish dictator in 1969, the newspaper changed its ownership and begun to be published in English.

In Chinese, there is a large difference in connotation between " 专政 " and " 独裁 ", but both translate to " dictator " in English.

A year later, this pretense was discarded altogether and the Senate voted to make him Dictator perpetuo ( usually rendered in English as " dictator for life ", but properly meaning " dictator in perpetuity ").

The term translates into English as leader or chief, or more pejoratively as warlord, dictator or strongman.

Dictator perpetuo ( English: " dictator in perpetuity "), also called dictator in perpetuum or incorrectly dictator perpetuus, was the office held by Julius Caesar from 26 January or 15 February of the year 44 BCE until his death on 15 March.

* 1942 – Jackie Oliver, English race car driver

* 1878 – Oliver W. F. Lodge, English poet and writer ( d. 1955 )

* 1599 – Oliver Cromwell, English military and politician ( d. 1658 )

In 1654, New England raiders attacked Acadian settlements on the Annapolis Basin, starting a period of uncertainty for Acadians throughout the English constitutional crises under Oliver Cromwell, and only being properly resolved under the Treaty of Breda in 1667 when France's claim to the region was reaffirmed.

* 1653 – English Interregnum: The Protectorate – Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland.

The English Civil War led to the trial and execution of Charles I, the exile of his son, Charles II, and replacement of English monarchy with, first, the Commonwealth of England ( 1649 – 53 ), and then with a Protectorate ( 1653 – 59 ), under Oliver Cromwell's personal rule.

* 1938 – Oliver Reed, English actor ( d. 1999 )

The town grew up as a settlement next to a fort constructed to control the population after Oliver Cromwell's invasion during the English Civil War, and then to suppress the Jacobite uprisings of the 18th century.

* Saxo Grammaticus, Gesta Danorum, Books I-IX, translated to English by Oliver Elton 1905.

During the English Civil War, the followers of Oliver Cromwell decided to crop their hair close to their head, as an act of defiance to the curls and ringlets of the king's men.

* 1851 – Oliver Lodge, English physicist and writer ( d. 1940 )

* 1980 – Oliver James, English actor and singer

* 1933 – Oliver Sacks, English neurologist and author

* 1850 – Oliver Heaviside, English physicist ( d. 1925 )

* 2007 – Jack Edward Oliver, English cartoonist and writer ( b. 1942 )

), Oliver Cromwell and the English Revolution Longman, ISBN 0-582-01675-4

), Oliver Cromwell and the English Revolution Longman, ISBN 0-582-01675-4

), Oliver Cromwell and the English Revolution Longman, ISBN 0-582-01675-4

), Oliver Cromwell and the English Revolution Longman, ISBN 0-582-01675-4

), Oliver Cromwell and the English Revolution Longman, ISBN 0-582-01675-4

), Oliver Cromwell and the English Revolution Longman, ISBN 0-582-01675-4

God's Englishman: Oliver Cromwell And The English Revolution Penguin, ISBN 0-297-00043-8.