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Page "History of Eritrea" ¶ 1
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Eritrea and officially
The colony of Italian Eritrea was established in 1890 ( and lasted officially until 1947 ).
All speakers of Tigrinya in Eritrea are officially referred to as Bihér-Tigrinya ( or simply, Tigrinya ).
In Eritrea, Tigrinya speakers are officially known as the Bihér-Tigrigna which means nation of Tigrinya speakers.

Eritrea and celebrated
In Russia, as well as other former Soviet Union states, including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, other former or current communist states, Albania, Angola, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, East Germany, Kosovo, Laos, Republic of Macedonia, Mongolia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Tanzania and Yemen, Children's Day is celebrated on June 1.

Eritrea and its
It is bordered by Somalia to the southeast, Eritrea on its northern, the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea with Yemen on its eastern, and Ethiopia to the west and south.
Eritrea is an ancient name, associated in the past with its Greek form Erythraia, Ἐρυθραία, and its derived Latin form Erythræa.
The Italians created the colony of Eritrea in the 19th century around Asmara, and named it with its current name.
In 1995, one of the oldest hominids, representing a possible link between Homo erectus and an archaic Homo sapiens was found in Buya, Eritrea by Italian scientists dated to over 1 million years old ( the oldest of its kind ), providing a link between hominids and the earliest humans.
Around the 8th century BC, a kingdom known as D ' mt was established in Eritrea and northern Ethiopia, with its capital at Yeha in northern Ethiopia.
Central areas of Eritrea and most tribes in today's northern Ethiopia share a common background and cultural heritage in the Kingdom of Aksum ( and its successor dynasties ) of the first millennium ( as well as the first millennium BC kingdom of D ’ mt ), and in its Ethiopian Orthodox Christian Church ( today, with an autocephalous Eritrean branch ), as well as in its Ge ' ez language.
In the southeast of Eritrea, the Sultanate of Awsa, an Afar sultanate, came to dominate the coastline after its founding in 1577, becoming vassal to the Emperor of Ethiopia under the reign of Susenyos I.
The boundaries of modern Eritrea and the entire region were established during the European colonial period between Italian, British and French colonialists as well as the lone landlocked African Empire of Abyssinia which found itself surrounded and its boundaries defined by said colonial powers.
The Italian possession of maritime areas previously claimed by Abyssinia / Ethiopia was formalized in 1889 with the signing of the Treaty of Wuchale with Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia ( r. 1889 – 1913 ) after the defeat of Italy by Ethiopia at the battle of Adua where Italy launched an effort to expand its possessions from Eritrea into the more fertile Abyssinian hinterland.
The Mussolini government regarded the colony as a strategic base for future aggrandizement and ruled accordingly, using Eritrea as a base to launch its 1935 – 1936 campaign to colonize Ethiopia.
British forces defeated the Italian army in Eritrea in 1941 at the Battle of Keren and placed the colony under British military administration until Allied forces could determine its fate.
Arab states, seeing Eritrea and its large Muslim population as an extension of the Arab world, sought the establishment of an independent state.
Ethiopian ambition in the Horn was apparent in the expansionist ambition of its monarch when Haile Selassie claimed Italian Somaliland and Eritrea.
Eritrea was to have its own administrative and judicial structure, its own flag, and control over its domestic affairs, including police, local administration, and taxation.
Haile Selassie attempted to calm the growing unrest by visiting Eritrea and assuring its inhabitants that they would be treated as equals under the new arrangements.
In 1988 the EPLF captured Afabet, headquarters of the Ethiopian Army in northeastern Eritrea, putting approximately a third of the Ethiopian Army out of action, prompting the Ethiopian Army to withdraw from its garrisons in Eritrea's western lowlands.
In 2004 the U. S. State Department declared Eritrea a Country of Particular Concern ( CPC ) for its alleged record of religious persecution.
By the time of its independence from Ethiopia in 1993, Eritrea ’ s economy had been destroyed by war and was dependent on income from ports and its small agricultural base.

Eritrea and 1st
The first verifiable kingdom of great power to rise in Eritrea and Northern Ethiopia was that of Aksum in the 1st century AD.
However, this story may be a later fabrication reflecting the similar conduct of Lebna Dengel's family, as the Aksum and its predecessor D ' mt were mostly limited to Northern Ethiopia and modern Eritrea during the 1st millennium BCE.

Eritrea and independence
Following the independence of Eritrea from Ethiopia in 1993, the newly independent Eritrean government appealed to Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria for Eritrean Orthodox autocephaly.
Eritrea after the independence in 1993
The main objective of this party was Eritrea freedom but they had a pre-condition that stated that before independence the country should be governed by Italy for at least 15 years ( like happened with Italian Somalia ).
These pleas for independence and referendum augured poorly for the US, Britain and Ethiopia, as a confidential American estimate of Independence Party support amounted to 75 % of Eritrea.
In May 1991 the EPLF established the Provisional Government of Eritrea ( PGE ) to administer Eritrean affairs until a referendum was held on independence and a permanent government established.
strategic geopolitical position along world's busiest shipping lanes ; Eritrea retained the entire coastline of Ethiopia along the Red Sea upon de jure independence from Ethiopia on 24 May 1993.
Following a successful referendum on independence for the Autonomous Region of Eritrea between 23 and 25 April 1993, on 19 May of that year the Provisional Government of Eritrea ( PGE ) issued a Proclamation regarding the reorganization of the Government.
Eritrea developed relations with Israel shortly after gaining its independence in 1993, despite protests among Arab countries.
Eritrea achieved full independence on May 24, 1993.
Menelik secured the Treaty of Addis Ababa in October, which strictly delineated the borders of Eritrea and forced Italy to recognize the independence of Ethiopia.
* 1991 – Eritrea gains its independence from Ethiopia.
* Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Eritrea from Ethiopia in 1993.
* Eritrea gains independence from Ethiopia ( 1993 ).
** Eritrea: Eritrean independence was declared as a result of a referendum held with UN verification.
* May 24Eritrea gains independence from Ethiopia.
Eritrea developed relations with Israel shortly after gaining its independence in 1993, despite protests among Arab countries.
* Most states in Sub-Saharan Africa after independence, although all except Eritrea have eventually converted to a de jure multi-party system ;
Location of Ethiopia, as Ethiopian borders were as of the famine, prior to History of Eritrea # Establishing_an_independent_country | Eritrean independence in 1993.
Eritrea gained its independence from Ethiopia de facto on May 24, 1991, and de jure on May 24, 1993.
Eventually Eritrea gained their independence and he became the country's first president.
He has been President of Eritrea ever since the country seceded from Ethiopia in 1991 and then elected by the National Assembly after achieving de jure independence in 1993.
In April 1993, a United Nations-supervised referendum on independence was held, and the following month Eritrea achieved de jure independence.

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