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Esperanto is also the first language of teaching and administration of one university, the International Academy of Sciences San Marino.
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Esperanto and is
is a novella which uses basic grammar and vocabulary in the first chapter and builds up to expert Esperanto by the end, including word lists so that beginners may easily follow along.
He also presents the idea that, once one has learned enough vocabulary to express himself, it is easier to think clearly in Esperanto than in many other languages.
Estimates of Esperanto speakers range from 10, 000 to 2, 000, 000 active or fluent speakers, as well as perhaps a thousand native speakers, that is, people who learned Esperanto from birth as one of their native languages.
Esperanto is currently the language of instruction of the International Academy of Sciences in San Marino.
There is evidence that learning Esperanto may provide a superior foundation for learning languages in general, and some primary schools teach it as preparation for learning other foreign languages.
Esperanto is the working language of several non-profit international organizations such as the Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda, a left-wing cultural association, or Education @ Internet, which has developed from an Esperanto organization ; most others are specifically Esperanto organizations.
As a constructed language, Esperanto is not genealogically related to any ethnic language.
Typologically, Esperanto has prepositions and a free pragmatic word order that by default is subject – verb – object.
Stress is always on the second-last vowel in fully Esperanto words unless a final vowel o is elided, which occurs mostly in poetry.
Esperantujo () or Esperantio is a term ( meaning " Esperanto-land ") used by speakers of the constructed international auxiliary language Esperanto to refer to the Esperanto community and the activities going on in the language.
That declaration stated, among other things, that the basis of the language should remain the Fundamento de Esperanto (" Foundation of Esperanto ", a group of early works by Zamenhof ), which is to be binding forever: nobody has the right to make changes to it.
Many Esperantists believe this declaration stabilising the language is a major reason why the Esperanto speaker community grew beyond the levels attained by other constructed languages and has developed a flourishing culture.
Esperanto is credited with influencing or inspiring several later competing language projects, such as Occidental ( 1922 ) and Novial ( 1928 ).
* 1859: Lazar Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto, is born in Białystok, Russia ( now Poland ).
* 1905: The first Universala Kongreso ( World Congress ) is held in Boulogne-sur-Mer, with 688 participants and conducted entirely in Esperanto.
The Fundamento de Esperanto is published.
The Ĉekbanko Esperantista ( Esperantist Checking Bank ) is founded in London, using the spesmilo, an auxiliary Esperanto currency based on the gold standard.
* 1908: Universala Esperanto-Asocio, the World Esperanto Association, is founded by Hector Hodler, a 19-year-old Swiss Esperantist.
Esperanto and also
Although no country has adopted Esperanto officially, Esperanto was recommended by the French Academy of Sciences in 1921 and recognized in 1954 by UNESCO ( which later, in 1985, also recommended it to its member states ).
: For Esperanto morphology, see also Esperanto vocabulary
These letters are unique to Esperanto, though it also has a letter ŭ that is shared with the Belarusian Łacinka alphabet.
To some extent there are also shared traditions, like the Zamenhof Day, and shared behaviour patterns, like avoiding the usage of one's national language at Esperanto meetings unless there are good reasons for its use ( Esperanto culture has a special word, krokodili (" to crocodile "), to describe this avoided behaviour ).
At the first Esperanto congress, in Boulogne-sur-Mer in 1905, a declaration was made which defined an " Esperantist " merely as one who knows and uses the language " regardless of what kind of aims he uses it for ", and which also specifically declared any ideal beyond the spread of the language itself to be a private matter for the individual speaker.
He was also among the first and most outspoken advocates of Esperanto in the science fiction community.
László also taught his three daughters the international language Esperanto.
He also provides a critical overview of the history of constructed IALs with sections devoted to Volapük, Esperanto, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Latino sine Flexione and Occidental ( Interlingue ).
It also happens that the parents use Esperanto between themselves, but use another language when speaking with the children.
Zamenhof Day ( Zamenhofa Tago in Esperanto ), also called Esperanto Day, is celebrated on 15 December, the birthday of Esperanto creator L. L. Zamenhof .< ref >
See also: special Esperanto adverbs.
Other foreign languages, such as French or Esperanto, can also be disponible depending on school.
also houses a large collection of early Esperantist publications, including the first Esperanto edition of Karel Čapek's R. U. R.
Most Polish literature has been written in the Polish language, though other languages, used in Poland over the centuries, have also contributed to Polish literary traditions, including Yiddish, Lithuanian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, German and Esperanto.
It also maintains an information center and an important Esperanto library, called the Hector Hodler Library.
* Internacia Centra Komitato de la Esperanto-Movado ( ICK, International Central Committee of the Esperanto Movement ), a newly created organ elected by UEA and Ko-Ro together ; administering the common budget and doing the operational business for the international common tasks, also representing the movement as a whole.
The association since then is also organizing the annual World Congress of Esperanto.
Esperanto also uses the comma as its official decimal mark, while thousands are separated by non-breaking spaces: 12 345 678, 9.
Esperanto and first
The first surviving edition ( bilingual Swedish – Esperanto ) was published in Sweden in 2003.
Its name derives from Doktoro Esperanto (" Esperanto " translates as " one who hopes "), the pseudonym under which L. L. Zamenhof published the first book detailing Esperanto, the Unua Libro, on July 26, 1887.
The first World Congress of Esperanto was organized in France in 1905.
The first Esperanto book by L. L. Zamenhof.
After some ten years of development, which Zamenhof spent translating literature into Esperanto as well as writing original prose and verse, the first book of Esperanto grammar was published in Warsaw in July 1887.
In the early years, speakers of Esperanto kept in contact primarily through correspondence and periodicals, but in 1905 the first world congress of Esperanto speakers was held in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
However, there were plans at the beginning of the 20th century to establish Neutral Moresnet as the world's first Esperanto state.
The constructed international auxiliary language Esperanto was developed in the 1870s and 80s by L. L. Zamenhof, and first published in 1887.
In its first years Esperanto was used mainly in publications by Zamenhof and early adopters like Antoni Grabowski, in extensive correspondence ( mostly now lost ), in the magazine La Esperantisto, published from 1889 to 1895 and only occasionally in personal encounters.
* 1920: The first Esperanto magazine for the blind, Aŭroro, begins publishing in Czechoslovakia.
* 1934: Encyclopedia of Esperanto first published in Budapest.
* 1991: The first pan-African Esperanto Conference is held in Lomé, Togo.
* 2001: The Vikipedio project ( Esperanto Wikipedia ) is launched, resulting in the first general encyclopedia written in a constructed language.
In 1964, Jacques-Louis Mahé produced the first full-length feature film in Esperanto, entitled Angoroj.
Families Zamenhof and Michaux at the first Esperanto Congress, Boulogne 1905
According to Ethnologue, there are " 200 – 2, 000 " who speak Esperanto as a first language.
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