Prior to Montaigne's time, humanists such as Pico della Mirandola had argued that man was God's greatest creation, made in God's image and able to choose his own nature, but this view was subsequently challenged in Michel de Montaigne's Essais of 1580.

* Essais de linguistique générale, Roman Jakobson

Gottfried Leibniz introduced the term theodicy in his 1710 work Essais de Théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l ' homme et l ' origine du mal (" Theodicic Essays on the Benevolence of God, the Free will of man, and the Origin of Evil ") which was directed mainly against Bayle.

The term theodicy was coined by German philosopher Gottfried Leibniz in his 1710 work, written in French, Essais de Théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l ' homme et l ' origine du mal ( Theodicy: Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil ).

# La place de l ’ Apologie pour Hérodote d ’ Henri Estienne dans les Essais de Montaigne, Bulletin de la société internationale des Amis de Montaigne, n ° 15-16, juil .- déc.

* Michael Riffaterre, Essais de stylistique structurale, Paris: Flammarion, 1992, ISBN 2-08-210168-1 ;

* Essais sur la géographie minéralogique des environs de Paris, avec une carte géognostique et des coupes de terrain, with Alexandre Brongniart ( 1811 )

** Michel de Montaigne-Les Essais (" Essais ")

* Essais de morale et de critique ( 1859 )

Most of the articles which he contributed to various reviews and to the Temps newspaper have been collected into volumes: Essais d ' histoire et de critique ( 1883 ), Lectures historiques ( 1894 ), Nouveaux essais d ' histoire et de critique ( 1898 ), Etudes de littérature et d ' histoire ( 1901 ).

* Essais de critique et d ' histoire ( 1857 )

* Essais de philosophie critique ( 1864 )

Meanwhile he was making a name in literary journalism, and in 1883 he published Essais de psychologie contemporaine, studies of eminent writers first printed in the Nouvelle Revue, and now brought together.

The phrase " the best of all possible worlds " (; ) was coined by the German polymath Gottfried Leibniz in his 1710 work Essais de Théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l ' homme et l ' origine du mal ( Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil ).

* Essais historiques sur la théorie des nombres ( 1975 )

Diderot's Essais sur la peinture was described by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, as " a magnificent work, which speaks even more helpfully to the poet than to the painter, though to the painter too it is as a blazing torch.

* Dupire, Marguerite, " Sagesse sereer: Essais sur la pensée sereer ndut ",

* Dupire, Marguerite, " Sagesse sereer: Essais sur la pensée sereer ndut ":

H. J. Stroomer / M. Kossmann / D. Ibriszimow / R. Vossen, " Etudes berbères V. Essais sur des variations dialectales et autres articles ", Köln, Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, Berber Studies n ° 28, pp. 191 – 212, ISBN 978-3-89645-928-2

* Esther Delisle-Myths, Memories & Lies: Quebec's Intelligentsia and the Fascist Temptation, 1939-1960 ( Essais sur l ' imprégnation fasciste au Québec )

* Pierre Nepveu, Intérieurs du Nouveau Monde: Essais sur les littératures du Québec et des Amériques

Besides his Essais historiques ... and his political pamphlets, he was the author of Coup d ' oeil philosophique sur le regne de Saint Louis ( 1786 ); L ' Armée française ( 1788 ); La Bastille dévoilée ( 1789 ); La Police de Paris dévoilée ( 1791 ); and Lettres sur la Révolution ( 1792 ).

Besides the above-mentioned works, he wrote: Essais de zoologie generale ( 1841 ); Vie Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire ( 1847 ); Acclimatation et domestication des animaux utiles ( 1849 ); Lettres sur les substances alimentaires et particulièrement sur la viande de cheval ( 1856 ); and Histoire naturelle générale des règnes organiques ( 3 vols., 1854-1862 ), which was not quite completed.

In works like Antigone ( 1814 ), Essais sur les institutions sociales (" Essay on Social Institutions ", 1818 ), Le Vieillard et le jeune homme (" The Old Man and the Youth ", 1819 ), L ' Homme sans nom (" The Man without a Name ", 1820 ) and Élégie (" Elegy ", 1820 ), he developed the idea that the French Revolution was endowed with a divine significance.

* Essais sur le théâtre contemporain ( 1897 )

Girardin's other works included Essais de littérature ( 2 vols., 1844 ), made up chiefly of contributions to the Débats, his Notices sur l ' Allemagne ( 1834 ), and many volumes of collected Souvenirs, Réflexions, etc., on foreign countries and passing events ( including his notes on the period of Russian administration in the Danubian Principalities ).

* " Essais sur le roman "

* Propos sur la montagne: Essais ( 1946 )

* La forêt en feu: Essais sur la culture et la politique chinoises ( The burning forest: Essays on Chinese culture and politics ) ( 1987 )

* L ' humeur, l ' honneur, l ' horreur: Essais sur la culture et la politique chinoises ( 1991 )

* Essais sur la Chine ( Laffont, 1998, coll.

( Nouveaux Essais sur la Ville de Caen, par M. L ' Abbé Delarue, 2 vols.

* Myths, Memories & Lies: Quebec's Intelligentsia and the Fascist Temptation, 1939-1960 ( Essais sur l ' imprégnation fasciste au Québec )-( 1998 ) ISBN 1-55207-008-5

His Essais sur la peinture was described by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, as " a magnificent work, which speaks even more helpfully to the poet than to the painter, though to the painter too it is as a blazing torch.

His Essais de physique, four in number, of which the first three were published at Paris between 1676 and 1679, are his most important works, and form, together with a Traité de la percussion des corps, the first volume of the Œuvres de Mariotte ( 2 vols., Leiden, 1717 ).

He is also an example of a Swedish writer who has gained international recognition with literary awards such as the Prix International Charles Veillon des Essais in 1983, the Heinrich Steffens Preis in 1986, Una Vita per la Litteratura in 1989, a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship for poetry in 1994, and several others.

* Diabolus in musica: Essais sur la musique et ses interprètes – 1933

Culture et traduction dans l ' Allemagne romantique: Herder, Goethe, Schlegel, Novalis, Humboldt, Schleiermacher, Hölderlin., Paris, Gallimard, Essais, 1984.

Culture et traduction dans l ' Allemagne romantique: Herder, Goethe, Schlegel, Novalis, Humboldt, Schleiermacher, Hölderlin., Paris, Gallimard, Essais, 1984.

Culture et traduction dans l ' Allemagne romantique: Herder, Goethe, Schlegel, Novalis, Humboldt, Schleiermacher, Hölderlin., Paris, Gallimard, Essais, 1984.

Culture et traduction dans l ' Allemagne romantique: Herder, Goethe, Schlegel, Novalis, Humboldt, Schleiermacher, Hölderlin., Paris, Gallimard, Essais, 1984.

* Essais sur l ' amenagement de l ' espace habité ( 1966 )

Essais sur l ' histoire de la mort en Occident: du Moyen Âge à nos jours, Seuil.

* Sophie Dannenmüller: " L ' assemblage en Californie: une esthétique de subversion ", in La Fonction critique de l ' art, Dynamiques et ambiguïtés, sous la direction de Evelyne Toussaint, Les éditions de La Lettre volée / Essais, Bruxelles, 2009.

A friend of Voltaire and the Encyclopedists, and an attendee of the Club de l ' Entresol, he turned writing scientific tracts, among them Considérations sur le gouvernement ancien et présent de la France ( Amsterdam, 1764 ), and a tract important for understanding the inner machinations of France, Essais ou loisirs d ' un ministre d ' état, 2 vols.

Besides numerous articles in the Memoirs of the Royal Society of London, the Mémoires de l ' Institut, the Mémoires de la Societé d ' Agriculture de Caen, and in other periodical collections, he published separately Essais historiques sur les Bardes, les Jongleurs, et les Trouvères normands et anglo-normands ( 3 vols., 1834 ), and Recherches historiques sur la Prairie de Caen ( 1837 ); and after his death appeared Mémoires historiques sur le palinod de Caen ( 1841 ), Recherches sur la tapisserie de Bayeux ( 1841 ), and Nouveaux Essais historiques sur la ville de Caen ( 1842 ).