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Esters derived from the simplest carboxylic acids are commonly named according to the more traditional, so-called " trivial names " e. g. as formate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate, as opposed to the IUPAC nomenclature methanoate, ethanoate, propanoate and butanoate.
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Esters and derived
Esters are usually derived from an inorganic acid or organic acid in which at least one-OH ( hydroxyl ) group is replaced by an-O-alkyl ( alkoxy ) group, and most commonly from carboxylic acids and alcohols.
Esters derived from more complex carboxylic acids are, on the other hand, more frequently named using the systematic IUPAC name, based on the name for the acid followed by the suffix-oate.
Esters derived from smaller alcohols adopt more complex structures wherein titanium does achieve octahedral coordination, e. g. Ti < sub > 4 </ sub >( OCH < sub > 3 </ sub >)< sub > 16 </ sub >.
Esters and from
Esters with larger alkoxy groups can be made from methyl or ethyl esters in high purity by heating the mixture of ester, acid / base, and large alcohol and evaporating the small alcohol to drive equilibrium.
Esters and are
Esters with low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and found in essential oils and pheromones.
Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries.
Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials, and often have a characteristic pleasant, fruity odor.
Esters with the general formula R < sup > 1 </ sup > SO < sub > 2 </ sub > OR < sup > 2 </ sup > are as a category called sulfonic esters, with individual members of the category being named analogously to how ordinary carboxyl esters are named.
Esters are non-toxic to aquatic life, readily biodegradable, and have a lower volatility and a higher flash points than mineral oil.
Esters and .
Esters like ethyl butyrate, ethyl caproate, n-hexyl butyrate and n-hexyl caproate give the fruits their flavor and appetizing smell.
* A. M. Bibo, C. M. Knobler and I. R. Peterson, " A Monolayer Phase Miscibility Comparison of the Long Chain Fatty Acids and Their Ethyl Esters ", J. Phys.
derived and from
But Jack always derived vicarious sensual thrills from Charles' revelations ( even when he suspected his friend of exaggeration or invention ), so he usually invited them, as he did now.
A measure of its widespread acceptance may be derived from a statement of the International Congress of Jurists in 1959.
Perhaps the most illuminating example of the reduction of fear through understanding is derived from our increased knowledge of the nature of disease.
But the most fundamental objection he has to poets appears in the Tenth Book, and it is derived from his doctrine of ideal forms.
But I have compared its text with already published commentaries on the 1960 series of Godkin lectures at Harvard, from which the book was derived, and I can with confidence challenge the gist of C. P. Snow's incautious tale ''.
Several germanium resistors have been thermally cycled from 300 to 4.2 Af and their resistances have been found to be reproducible within 1/3 millidegree when temperatures were derived from a vapor pressure thermometer whose tubing is jacketed through most of the liquid helium.
The results of present observations of the thermal radio emission of the moon are consistent with the very low thermal conductivity of the surface layer which was derived from the variation in the infrared emission during eclipses ( e.g., Garstung, 1958 ).
Field shifts were derived from the mean value of the resonance line, defined as the field about which the first moment is zero.
The threshold mass is derived from the momentum threshold with the assumption of a mean impact velocity of Af in the U.S. work and Af in the U.S.S.R. work.
A concentration distribution has been derived from radar observations sensitive to the fifteenth magnitude ( Manning and Eshleman, 1959 ).
Therefore, N is inversely proportional to the radius cubed and in fair agreement with the inverse 7/2 power derived from 1958 Alpha and 1959 Eta data.
) The full forms can be derived from such information just prior to the lookup of the form in the text-form list.
The second list was derived from a group of approximately 8,000 names supplied to the research team by the Aerospace Industries Association.
This sort of manipulation is especially troublesome in Fromm's work because, although his system is derived largely from certain philosophic convictions, he asserts that it is based on empirical findings drawn both from social science and from his own consulting room.
It is curious that at its best, the work of this school of painting -- Mark Rothko, Jackson Pollock, Clyfford Still, Robert Motherwell, Willem De-Kooning, and the rest -- resembles nothing so much as the passage painting of quite unimpressive painters: the mother-of-pearl shimmer in the background of a Henry McFee, itself a formula derived from Renoir ; ;
The data presented are derived almost entirely from X-ray diffraction measurements and include atomic coordinates, cell dimensions, and atomic and ionic radii.
It is an experience of a new depth of community derived from an awareness of the corporate indwelling of Christ in His people.
These affairs temporarily relieved the monotony of school or work activities containing no anticipation of achievement and joy of craftsmanship, no sense of dignity derived from a job well done.
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