On May 30, 2008, the 100th anniversary of this conference, Tapa organized another conference on the Estonian language with esteemed representatives from the Mother Tongue Society ( Emakeele Selts ), the Estonian Language Institute ( Eesti Keele Instituut ), the Language Inspectorate of the Estonian Ministry of Education ( Keeleinspektsioon ), the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research ( Haridus ja Teadusministeerium ), Tartu University's Estonian and General Linguistics Institute ( Tartu Ülikooli eesti ja üldkeeleteaduse instituut ), and the Estonian Writers Union ( Eesti Kirjanike Liit ).

The plaque reads " The first conference on written Estonian took place in Tapa " ( Tapal toimus esimene eesti kirjakeele konverents ).

** Eesti keel ja meel *(" Estonian Language and Mind ").

And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language ; about 40 % as of a 2000 census.

The light green Æ and Ø show the Danish keyboard layout ; the red are Norwegian, and Ä and Ö Swedish, Finnish and Estonian with Ü and Õ as well.

Estonian language planners such as Ado Grenzstein ( a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s – 90s ) tried to use formation ex nihilo, Urschöpfung ; i. e. they created new words out of nothing.

The Finnish and Estonian languages are both part of the non-Indo-European Uralic languages ; they share a similar grammar as well as several individual words, though sometimes as false friends: e. g. the Finnish word for ' south ', etelä is close to the Estonian word edel, but the latter means south-west.

In Turkish, Bulgarian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Sallan, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish and Swedish the order is reversed ; the amount is followed by a fixed space and the ISO 4217 code:

Russian, Finnish and Estonian also have a number of Norse loanwords ; the words Rus and Russia, according to one theory, may be named after the Rus ' people, a Norse tribe ; see Rus ( name ).

It was until 1877 a separate town ( Dom zu Reval ), the residence of the aristocracy ; it is today the seat of the Estonian parliament, government and some embassies and residencies.

Currently these include the Orthodox of the Belarusian exarchate ; the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia ; the Latvian, the Moldovan, the Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate.

This relatively conservative legislature passed an early declaration of sovereignty ( November 16, 1988 ); a law on economic independence ( May 1989 ) confirmed by the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union that November ; a language law making Estonian the official language ( January 1989 ); and local and republic election laws stipulating residency requirements for voting and candidacy ( August, November 1989 ).

To cope with crisis and financial targets, the government cut down public service salaries ; the only opposition, in the absence of organised unions, came from Estonian teachers, whose salary cuts were therefore limited.

The 2007 cyberattacks on Estonia is considered to be an information operation against Estonia, with the intent to influence the decisions and actions of the Estonian government ; while Russia denies any direct involvement in the attacks, hostile rhetoric from the political elite via the media influenced people to attack.

Illative ( abbreviated ; from Latin illatus " brought in ") is, in the Finnish language, Estonian language and the Hungarian language, the third of the locative cases with the basic meaning of " into ( the inside of )".

In Uralic languages, such as Finnish, Estonian and Hungarian, the adessive case ( abbreviated ; from Latin adesse " to be present ") is the fourth of the locative cases with the basic meaning of " on ".

He married his first wife, Hilda Leesmann, an ethnic Estonian, in 1915 ; after eight years of marriage, they divorced in 1923.

After the Estonian War of Independence, Estonia had around 120, 000 M / 1891s in stock, later the Kaitseliit, the Estonian national guard, received some Finnish M28 / 30 rifles, a few modernised variants were also made by the Estonian Armory ;

The counterparts of English " mayor " are thus in Germany, the Netherlands and Scandinavia as follows: German Bürgermeister, Dutch burgemeester ; French-speaking parts of Belgium bourgmestre ; Luxemburgish buergermeeschter ; Estonian bürgermeister ( a German loan word, pronounced pürjermeister ); Swedish borgmästare ; Norwegian borgermester ; Danish borgmester ; Icelandic borgarstjóri ( in a city, i. e. Reykjavík ) and bæjarstjóri ( of a town ); and Faroese borgarstjóri.

* 1220 – Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula.

* In another Baltic-Finnic language, Estonian, it is called the West Sea ( Läänemeri ), with the correct geography ( the sea is west of Estonia ).

It is derived from " Taani linn ", meaning " Danish town " in Estonian.

An obvious place to look for documentation is in the Estonian city of Tallinn, the site of the legendary battle.

Dance of Death, also variously called Danse Macabre ( French ), Danza de la Muerte ( Spanish ), Dansa de la Mort ( Catalan ), Danza Macabra ( Italian ), Dança da Morte ( Portuguese ), Totentanz ( German ), Dodendans ( Dutch ), Surmatants ( Estonian ), is an artistic genre of late-medieval allegory on the universality of death: no matter one's station in life, the Dance of Death unites all.

Legislative power is vested in the Estonian parliament.

The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period.

Peterson was the first student at the then German-language University of Tartu to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry.

Estonian is distantly related to Hungarian.

Estonian has been influenced by Swedish, German ( initially Middle Low German, later also standard German ), and Russian, though it is not related to them genetically.

Like Finnish and Hungarian, Estonian is a somewhat agglutinative language, but unlike them, it has lost the vowel harmony of the hypothetical Proto-Uralic language, although in older texts the vowel harmony can still be recognized.

Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example the initial letter ' h ' in words, preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word ( writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced )

This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon ( Middle Low German ) during the period of German rule, and High German ( including standard German ).

As many of the early Germanic loanwords into Estonian were Saxon, their cognates can be found in Anglo-Saxon English, for example, ' nurk ' ( corner ) is found as ' nook ' in English and ' koer ' ( dog ) is ' cur ' in English.

It is best suited for advanced beginners and intermediate students of Estonian.

Finland's main language, Finnish, is related to Estonian, and there is and has been a certain feeling of kinship.

When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages ( Russian being the other one ).

Despite the hostility of the mainstream official press and intimidation by Soviet Estonian authorities, dozens of local citizens ' committees were elected by popular initiative all over the country.

An Estonian police official, however, stated that there were only a few cases involving foreign students over the previous two years.

After Estonia regained independence from the Soviet Union on August 20, 1991, the exiled association of the German Baltic nobility sent an official message to the president-to-be Lennart Meri that no member of the association would claim proprietary rights to their former Estonian lands.

His parents were Lutheran, the mother was a Russian and the father an Estonian of German origin, he was an official in the Tsarist government.

The official Estonian alphabet has 27 letters:

* Estonian kroon, the official currency of Estonia for two periods in history: 1928 – 1940 and 1992 – 2011

In late June 1988 Väljas bowed to pressure from the Estonian Popular Front and legalized the flying of the former National Flag of independent Estonia, and agreed a new state language law that made Estonian the official language of the Republic.

No official recording was released in Estonia, although the Estonian Television did broadcast most of the show, and a 5-track promotional single was released for the use of radio stations with " Öölaps " ( Totale Finsternis ), " Vabaks võin saada " ( Draußen ist Freiheit ), " Sarahle " ( Für Sarah ), " Laul surmast " ( Tot zu sein ist komisch ) and " Kaunis tütreke " ( Eine schöne Tochter ist ein Segen ) included.

On 18 July 1990, an exhibition match was held between Estonian and Latvian footballers at Kadriorg stadium, to remember the last official match between the two teams as independent nations 50 years ago.

Approximately four months before the first official match against Slovenia FC Flora presented to the Estonian Football Association ( EFA ) an ultimatum signed by 25 players which stated that " only those who have acquired Estonian citizenship on the basis of legal continuity should be included in the national team ".

Traditionally it has been considered a dialect of the South Estonian dialect group of the Estonian language, but nowadays it has its own literary language and is in search of official recognition as an autochthonous regional language of Estonia.

Studebaker Dictator was used as official state car in the Oru palace from 1934 to 1939 by Konstantin Päts, Estonian head of state.

The modern Russian, Belarusian or Polish official names of locations mentioned in this section are given in the first place, while, where applicable, the official interwar names ( Lithuanian, Latvian or Estonian ) are given in parenthesis.

Russian-Estonian border treaty had been signed in Moscow on 18 May 2005 and ratified by Estonia, but was not ratified by Russia — official reason for this was the fact that Estonia's internal treaty ratification legislation passed by parliament mentioned the Treaty of Tartu ( the treaty under which these territories were originally recognised as Estonian ).

As a mark of respect, the Estonian government's official website was replaced with a tribute to Dunlop within hours of his death.

* Vanilla Ninja official website ( English, Estonian )

The Head of State of Estonia or State Elder () ( a literal translation: Elder of State ) was the official title of the Estonian head of state and head of government from 1920 to 1937.

* Article about Otto Tief's government from the official site of the Estonian Embassy in Moscow