Ethical egoism can be understood as a consequentialist theory according to which the consequences for the individual agent are taken to matter more than any other result.

Ethical egoism ( also called simply egoism ) is the normative ethical position that moral agents ought to do what is in their own self-interest.

Ethical egoism also differs from rational egoism, which holds that it is rational to act in one's self-interest.

Ethical egoism contrasts with ethical altruism, which holds that moral agents have an obligation to help and serve others.

Ethical egoism does not, however, require moral agents to harm the interests and well-being of others when making moral deliberation ; e. g. what is in an agent's self-interest may be incidentally detrimental, beneficial, or neutral in its effect on others.

In the words of James Rachels, " Ethical egoism [...] endorses selfishness, but it doesn't endorse foolishness.

Ethical egoism can be broadly divided into three categories: individual, personal, and universal.

Ethical egoism, as a category of moral philosophies, was introduced by the philosopher Henry Sidgwick in his The Methods of Ethics, written in 1874.

Ethical egoism has been alleged as the basis for immorality.

* Ethical egoism

* Ethical egoism, the doctrine that holds that individuals ought to do what is in their self-interest

* Ethical egoism

Ethical egoism ( also called simply egoism ) is the normative ethical position that moral agents ought to do what is in their own self-interest.

Ethical egoism also differs from rational egoism, which holds merely that it is rational to act in one's self-interest.

Ethical egoism contrasts with ethical altruism, which holds that moral agents have an obligation to help and serve others.

Ethical egoism does not, however, require moral agents to harm the interests and well-being of others when making moral deliberation ; e. g. what is in an agent's self-interest may be incidentally detrimental, beneficial, or neutral in its effect on others.

In the words of James Rachels, " Ethical egoism [...] endorses selfishness, but it doesn't endorse foolishness.

Ethical egoism is sometimes the philosophical basis for support of libertarianism or individualist anarchism as in Max Stirner, although these can also be based on altruistic motivations.

* Ethical egoism

* Ethical egoism

Failing an answer, it turns out that Ethical Egoism is an arbitrary doctrine, in the same way that racism is arbitrary.

Ethical egoists such as Rand who readily acknowledge the ( conditional ) value of others to an individual, and who readily endorse empathy for others, have argued the exact reverse from Rachels, that it is altruism which discriminates: " If the sensation of eating a cake is a value, then why is it an immoral indulgence in your stomach, but a moral goal for you to achieve in the stomach of others?

Ethical naturalism ( also called moral naturalism or naturalistic cognitivistic definism ) is the meta-ethical view which claims that:

Ethical non-naturalism is the meta-ethical view which claims that:

Ethical intuitionists assert that, if we see a good person or a right action, and our faculty of moral intuition is sufficiently developed and unimpaired, we simply intuit that the person is good or that the action is right.

Ethical Culture is a humanist religion that centers on living an ethical life.

Ethical hedonism is the idea that all people have the right to do everything in their power to achieve the greatest amount of pleasure possible to them.

Ethical hedonism is said to have been started by a student of Socrates, Aristippus of Cyrene.

According to the Five Books of Moses, Abraham is revered as the one who overcame the idol worship of his family and surrounding people by recognizing the Hebrew God and establishing a covenant with him and creating the foundation of what has been called by scholars " Ethical Monotheism ".

Ethical theories which place strong emphasis on rights and duty, such as the deontological ethics of Immanuel Kant, are often forms of moral absolutism, as are many religious moral codes.

Ethical codes are often adopted by management, not to promote a particular moral theory, but rather because they are seen as pragmatic necessities for running an organization in a complex society in which moral concepts play an important part.

However, groups such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals ( PETA ) notes incidents of animal injury, including an incident where a " bull suffered from a broken neck ..." According to the ASPCA, practice sessions are often the scene of more severe abuses than competitions.

As well as its activities in the UK, the NSS has been active in Europe and at the UN, often as a representative for the International Humanist and Ethical Union ( IHEU ).

Ethical concerns surrounding the experiment often draw comparisons to the Milgram experiment, which was conducted in 1961 at Yale University by Stanley Milgram, Zimbardo's former high school friend.

An Ethical dilemma is a complex situation that often involves an apparent mental conflict between moral imperatives, in which to obey one would result in transgressing another.

Ethical dilemmas are often cited in an attempt to refute an ethical system or moral code, as well as the worldview that encompasses or grows from it.

Felix Adler ( August 13, 1851 – April 24, 1933 ) was a Jewish professor of political and social ethics, rationalist, popular lecturer, religious leader and social reformer who founded the Ethical Culture movement, and is often considered one of the main influences on modern Humanistic Judaism.

A report by the Maquila Solidarity Network highlighted the difficulty small organisations like Ethical Threads have in ethical sourcing, because they often lack clear labour standards and certification criteria, and monitoring programmes, that advocates demand of larger brands.

Key to the founding of Ethical Culture was the observation that too often disputes over religious or philosophical doctrines have distracted people from actually living ethically and doing good.

Their paper was partly a response to Jack Drescher's 2001 paper, " Ethical issues surrounding attempts to change sexual orientation ", which used the principle of " Do no harm " to argue against conversion therapy.

Adherents of this view, including the International Humanist and Ethical Union and the American Humanist Association, consider that the unmodified but capitalised word Humanism should be used.

In the 1930s, " humanism " was generally used in a religious sense by the Ethical movement in the United States, and not much favoured among the non-religious in Britain.

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals ( PETA ) has stated that burrs and other irritants are at times placed under the flank strap and that improperly used flank straps can cause open wounds and burns if the hair is rubbed off and the skin is chafed raw.

" In addition, the term was sometimes used to dismiss a scientific principle considered by the writer to be fanciful, such as in 1855's The Principles of Metaphysical and Ethical Science, which stated that " Milton's conception of inorganic matter left to itself, without an indwelling soul, is not merely more poetical, but more philosophical and just, than the scientific romance, now generally repudiated by all rational inquirers, which represents it as necessarily imbued with the seminal principles of organization and life, and waking up by its own force from eternal quietude to eternal motion.

The term " deontological " was first used to describe the current commonly understood definition by C. D. Broad in his book, Five Types of Ethical Theory, which was published in 1930.

The term " ethical consumer ", now used generically, was first popularised by the UK magazine the Ethical Consumer, first published in 1989.

With BDSM, polyamorous, and non-monogamous people, in usage taken from the book The Ethical Slut, the term has been used as an expression of choice to openly have multiple partners, and revel in that choice: " a slut is a person of any gender who has the courage to lead life according to the radical proposition that sex is nice and pleasure is good for you.

In his papers " The Emotive Meaning of Ethical Terms " ( 1937 ) and " Persuasive Definitions " ( 1938 ), and his book Ethics and Language ( 1944 ), he developed a theory of emotive meaning ; which he then used to provide a foundation for his theory of a persuasive definition.

Ethical intuitionists could respond by arguing that the moral-aesthetic analogy is merely used to illustrate the fact that not all senses are limited to the five physical senses.

In December 2007, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals ( PETA ) used a nude photo of Mendes for their anti-fur campaign alongside the tagline " Fur?

The company was boosted in 2002 when the Glastonbury Festival sourced official merchandise from Ethical Threads, who used disabled workers at Remploy for manufacturing.

* Interrelatedness – Adler used the term The Ethical Manifold to refer to his conception of the universe as made up of myriad unique and indispensable moral agents ( individual human beings ), each of whom has an inestimable influence on all the others.

Ethical issues must also be considered ; the data collected must relate only to the objectives of the audit, and staff and patient confidentiality must be respected-identifiable information must not be used.