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Experimentally, however, the total kinetic energy is found to be much greater: in particular, assuming the gravitational mass is due to only the visible matter of the galaxy, stars far from the center of galaxies have much higher velocities than predicted by the virial theorem.
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Experimentally and however
Experimentally, however, electrons contribute little to the heat capacity: the molar heat capacities of many conductors and insulators are nearly the same.
Experimentally and energy
Experimentally, thermal conduction is measured by placing the material in contact between two conducting plates and measuring the energy flux required to maintain a certain temperature gradient.
Experimentally, instead of direct measurement of the energy difference, which is usually difficult to measure, the relative energy barriers for pseudorotation of isomers are used for determination of the apicophilicity scale.
Experimentally, strain energy is often determined using heats of combustion which is typically an easy experiment to perform.
Experimentally and is
Experimentally, it is found that all spontaneous processes ( including chemical reactions ) result in a decrease in G as they proceed toward equilibrium.
Experimentally, the aperiodicity is revealed in the unusual symmetry of the diffraction pattern, that is, symmetry of orders other than two, three, four, or six.
Experimentally, either an anode current of a diode is used or the displacement current between the sample and reference, created by an artificial change in the capacitance between the two, is measured ( the Kelvin Probe method, Kelvin probe force microscope ).
Experimentally, electroporation is used to introduce hydrophilic molecules into cells.
Experimentally, a good fit for the shift in wavelength is given by:
Experimentally, it is observed that the spacing between the R-branch peaks decreases as the frequency increases.
Experimentally, the ' quantum critical ' phase, which is still governed by quantum fluctuations, is the most interesting
Experimentally, black-body radiation may be established best as the ultimately stable steady state equilibrium radiation in a cavity in a rigid body, at a uniform temperature, that is entirely opaque and is only partly reflective.
Experimentally it is found that the velocity component of rotational flow is proportional to, therefore:
Experimentally, the quantity R < sub > AA </ sub > ( A is the mass number ) being the quotient of observed jet yield in A + A collisions and N < sub > bin </ sub > × yield in p + p collisions shows a strong damping with increasing A, which is an indication of the new properties of the hot QCD matter created.
Experimentally, a simple implementation of a quantum channel is fiber optic ( or free-space for that matter ) transmission of single photons.
Experimentally, it is possible to replace 11-cis retinaldehyde by perfusing retinal tissue preparations with retinaldehyde derivatives.
Experimentally EBSD is conducted using a Scanning Electron Microscope ( SEM ) equipped with an EBSD detector containing at least a phosphor screen, compact lens and low light CCD camera chip.
Experimentally and found
Experimentally, Benoit and co-workers found an excellent correlation between elution volume and a dynamically based molecular size, the hydrodynamic volume, for several different chain architecture and chemical compositions.
Experimentally, it has been found that auditory presentation results in a larger amount of grouping in the responses of individuals, as compared to visual presentation.
Experimentally Ibn al-Shatir employed careful eclipse observations to measure the apparent size of the Sun and Moon and found that they disagreed with Ptolemaic expectations.
Experimentally and be
Experimentally, the projective measurement done by Alice may be achieved via a series of laser pulses directed at the two particles.
Experimentally, a mixed ensemble might be realized as follows.
Experimentally altered patterns can be transmitted to daughter cells.
Experimentally, pK < sub > a </ sub > values can be determined by potentiometric ( pH ) titration, but for values of pK < sub > a </ sub > less than about 2 or more than about 11, spectrophotometric or NMR measurements may be required due to practical difficulties with pH measurements.
Experimentally, the C term spectrum can be obtained from MCD raw data by subtraction of MCD spectra measured in the same applied magnetic field at different temperatures, while A and B terms can be distinguished via their different band shapes.
Experimentally, this value can be determined by determining dietary protein intake and then measuring nitrogen excretion.
Experimentally, the frequency shifts in Brillouin scattering are detected with an interferometer, while Raman setup can be based on either interferometer or dispersive ( grating ) spectrometer.
Experimentally, airsickness can be eliminated in monkeys by removing part of the cerebellum, namely the nodulus of the vermis.
Experimentally, sp < sup > 2 </ sup > to sp < sup > 3 </ sup > ratios can be determined by comparing the relative intensities of various spectroscopic peaks ( including EELS, XPS, and Raman Spectroscopy ) to those expected for graphite or diamond.
Experimentally, the electroosmotic mobility can be determined by measuring the retention time of a neutral analyte.
Experimentally, relative fluorescence quantum yields can be determined by measuring fluorescence of a fluorophore of known quantum yield with the same experimental parameters ( excitation wavelength, slit widths, photomultiplier voltage etc.
Experimentally and much
Experimentally it is seen that the masses of the octet of pseudoscalar mesons is very much lighter than the next lightest states ; i. e., the octet of vector mesons ( such as the rho ).
Experimentally, it is observed that the masses of the octet of pseudoscalar mesons ( such as the pion ) are much lighter than the next heavier states, i. e., the octet of vector mesons ( such as the rho meson ).
Experimentally and due
Experimentally, the phase lines are relatively easy to map due to the interdependence of temperature and pressure that develops when multiple phases forms.
Experimentally and matter
Experimentally, it is hard to map the phase diagram of quark matter because it has been rather difficult to learn how to tune to high enough temperatures and density in the laboratory experiment using collisions of relativistic heavy ions as experimental tools.
Experimentally and from
Experimentally, one plots the transmitted power from a wrapped fibre into which a uniform modal power distribution has been excited, as a function of mandrel diameter, maintaining a constant number of turns.
Experimentally grafting PMCs into heterotopic tissue does not prevent the cells from ingressing.
Experimentally and have
Experimentally, we expect independence when the trials have nothing to do with one another.
Experimentally and by
Experimentally disrupting microtubule dynamics in the species Strongylocentrotus pupuratus by applying colchicine stalls the ingression of PMCs, but does not inhibit it.
Experimentally equipped with three narrow-chord wings and a more powerful engine, the Pup led to the Triplane, which was used by just four squadrons of the RNAS during 1917, but became well known for its startling fighting qualities, put to best use by Raymond Collishaw's famous ' Black Flight ' of ' Naval 10 ' ( No. 10 Squadron RNAS ).
Experimentally, the near-beam behavior of scattering did fall off with angle as explained by Regge theory, leading many to accept that the particles in the strong interactions were composite.
Experimentally, this process was first observed by J. H.
0.191 seconds.