Instead of this the 1930's witnessed a tragic economic depression, the rise of Fascist dictators in Europe, the wasting Civil War in Spain.

The Fascist regime created a corporatist economic system in 1925 with creation of the Palazzo Vidioni Pact, in which the Italian employers ' association Confindustria and Fascist trade unions agreed to recognize each other as the sole representatives of Italy's employers and employees, excluding non-Fascist trade unions.

Perón admired Italian Fascism and modelled his economic policies on those pursued by Fascist Italy.

Prior to rising to power, from 1939 to 1941, Peron had developed a deep admiration of Italian Fascism and modelled his economic policies on Italian Fascist economic policies.

Attempts were made by both Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany to establish " autarky " ( self-sufficiency ) through significant economic planning, but neither achieved economic self-sufficiency.

The Nazis initially attempted to form a corporatist economic system like that of Fascist Italy, creating the National Socialist Institute for Corporatism in May 1933, which included many major economists who argued that corporatism was consistent with National Socialism.

Fascist governments introduced price controls, wage controls and other types of economic interventionist measures.

During the first years of the new regime, the Fascist pursued a laissez-faire economic policy: they initially reduced taxes, regulations and trade restrictions on the whole.

" Movements which claim or formerly claimed to be above the left-right divide include Fascist Terza Posizione economic politics in Italy, Gaullism in France, Peronism in Argentina, and National Action Politics in Mexico.

In the 1930s, Italian Fascist leader Benito Mussolini described Italian Fascism's economic system of corporatism as " state socialism turned on its head ".

" He said, " The desire to deprive some of our citizens of their rights — economic, civic or political — has the same basic motivation as actuates the Fascist mind when it seeks to dominate whole peoples and nations.

The Fascist government's economic policy of autarky and a recourse to synthetic materials was not able to meet the demand.

All political parties, association and organizations opposed to the Fascist regime were dissolved, and everybody who was proven to have " committed or expressed intention to commit actions directed to violently subvert the social, economic or national order or undermine national security or to oppose or obstruct the actions of the Government " could be sent into exile to remote locations by the police.

Evola further held that Jewish people denigrated lofty " Aryan " ideals ( of faith, loyalty, courage, devotion, and constancy ) through a " corrosive irony " that ascribed every human activity to economic or sexual motives ( à la Marx and Freud ) ( Kevin Coogan, Dreamer of the Day: Francis Parker Yockey and the Postwar Fascist International, p. 309 ).

With the removal of the monarchy, Mussolini claimed the full ideology of Fascism could be pursued, and, to gain popular support, reversed over twenty years of Fascist support of private property and relative economic independence by ordering the nationalization of all companies with over 100 employees.

: The Fascist State lays claim to rule in the economic field no less than in others ; it makes its action felt throughout the length and breadth of the country by means of its corporate, social, and educational institutions, and all the political, economic, and spiritual forces of the nation, organised in their respective associations, circulate within the State.

In its original form, it claimed to be more radical than fascism, and criticized the Italian Fascist corporatist economic system.

This group, which published an economic journal L ' antibancor, became moribund after the 1995 conviciton of Freda and 49 other members of the party under the Scelba Law which banned the refoundation of the National Fascist Party.

On a wider scale the Fascist economic policy pushed the country towards the " corporative state ", an effort which lasted well into the war.

The IRI was made a permanent institution in Fascist Italy in 1937, pursued Fascist policies to create national autarky, and had the power to take over private firms to maximize war production.

Fascist states pursued policies of social indoctrination through propaganda in education and the media and regulation of the production of educational and media materials.

In an effort to increase birthrates, the Italian Fascist government gave financial incentives to women who raised large families, and initiated policies designed to reduce the number of women employed.

Slovenes whose territory fell under the rule of neighboring states Italy, Austria and Hungary, were subjected to policies of forced assimilation and in case of Fascist Italy violent Fascist Italianization.

A Fascist, social Darwinist agenda in sympathy with Hitler arose among some whites in South Africa during the Second World War, which became an unwelcome ally in support of these policies.

Set in Venetian Slovenia, the novel, published under a pseudonym in the Yugoslav town of Ljubljana, described the efforts of a local Roman Catholic priest to preserve the use of Slovene language in church against the policies of the Italian Fascist regime.

However local Slovene and Croatian teachers, writers, artists and clergy have been brutally punished for resisting Fascist ethnic cleansing policies.

After the Fascist movement came to power in 1922, anti-Slavic policies were enforced as part of Fascist Italianization.

The congress was attended by about a hundred members of the party and asserted its solidarity with socialism in the Soviet Union and the need for a strong struggle for similar policies in Portugal ; it also stated that a Fascist coup in Portugal was a serious threat to the party and to the country.

He stated at a cabinet meeting on March 7, 1945, for example, that the government sought to guarantee safety and order for the population, implement desired land reform policies, and focus on a " swift cleanup " of the state bureaucracy and immediate prosecution of war criminals, i. e. officials of the Fascist wartime regime of Ion Antonescu ( see Romania during World War II and Romanian People's Tribunals ).

After complete destruction of all Slovene minority cultural, financial and other organizations, and continuation of violent Fascist Italianization policies, the Slovene militant anti-Fascist organization TIGR emerged in 1927, co-ordinating the Slovene resistance against Fascist Italy until its dismantlement by the Fascist secret police in 1941, after which some of TIGR ex-members joined Slovene Partisans.

At that point, the university became a laboratory for Catholic social policies through which the church might bring the Fascist state in line with canon law and papal teachings.

Marinetti continued to support fascism, however, becoming increasingly conservative as he continued to attempt to influence Fascist policies.

But by the 1940s, many of Boas ' anthropologist contemporaries were active in the allied war effort against the " Axis " ( Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan ).

Dress daggers were used by several other countries as well, including Japan but never to the same extent as those worn by the Military and Political bodies of the Third Reich or Fascist Italy.

The " Fascist left " included Michele Bianchi, Giuseppe Bottai, Angelo Oliviero Olivetti, Sergio Panunzio and Edmondo Rossoni, who were committed to advancing national syndicalism as a replacement for parliamentary liberalism in order to modernize the economy and advance the interests of workers and the common people.

There were also smaller factions within the Italian Fascist movement, such as the clerical Fascists, who sought to shift Italian Fascism from its anti-Catholic roots to accepting Catholicism.

In practice, the sectoral corporations exercised little independence and were largely controlled by the regime, and employee organizations were rarely led by employees themselves but instead by appointed Fascist party members.

Fascist leaders who ruled countries were not always heads of state, but were heads of government, such as Benito Mussolini, who held power under the King of Italy, Victor Emmanuel III.

" In November 1925, women were given restricted voting rights, juxtaposed with the eliminaton of opposition parties, which enabled the Fascist government to rule with dictatorial powers.

Fascist women's organizations, disgruntled at the lukewarm reforms, were then made subordinate to the secretariat of the party, headed by Roberto Farinacci, although gradual women's suffrage was retained.

The Communist line was that the POUM were ' objectively ' Fascist, hindering the Republican cause.

Indeed in 1939, laws were passed that allowed Muslims to be permitted to join the National Fascist Party and in particular the Muslim Association of the Lictor ( Associazione Musulmana del Littorio ), and the 1939 reforms allowed the creation of Libyan military units within the Italian army.

Fascist policy aimed at the creation of an Italian empire and Southern Italian ports were strategic for all commerce towards the colonies.

In the political jargon and propaganda of Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany and the Communist International, western democratic states were referred to as " plutocracies ", with the implication being that a small number of extremely wealthy individuals were controlling the countries and holding them in ransom.

Littoral Slovenes, who were subjected to Fascist Italianization since the Treaty of Rapallo, experienced increase in Fascist brutality, personified by Lojze Bratuž, a Slovene choirmaster who led several Slovene language church choirs, being tortured and forced to drink petrol and engine oil because he resisted the italianization of Slovenian names and surnames by Italian Fascists, which begun as early as 1926

The dawn of fascism in the early 1920s heralded a change of strategy for Italy, as the north-eastern sultanates were soon to be forced within the boundaries of La Grande Somalia according to the plan of Fascist Italy.

In that year, the Fascist government took control of the authorization of all textbooks, all secondary school teachers were required to take an oath of loyalty to Fascism, and children began to be taught that they owed the same loyalty to Fascism as they did to God.

On 29 April 1945, the corpses of Mussolini, his mistress Clara Petacci and other Fascist leaders were infamously hanged in Piazzale Loreto, where a year before fifteen antifascists had been executed.

During 21 years of Fascist government, not all manifesto pledges were achieved, and many were simply ignored ; forgotten by the system.