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Feminist and economists
Feminist economists call attention to the social constructions of traditional economics, questioning the extent to which it is positive and objective, and showing how its models and methods are biased towards masculine preferences.
Feminist economists pushed for and produced gender aware theory and analysis, broadened the focus on economics and sought pluralism of methodology and research methods.
" Feminist economists call attention to the value judgements in all aspects economics and criticize its depiction an objective science.
Feminist economists may also consider the specific gendered effects of trade-decisions.
" Feminist economists often extend these criticisms to many aspects of the social world, arguing that power relations are an endemic and important feature of society.
Feminist economists argue that people are more complex than such models, and call for " a more holistic vision of an economic actor, which includes group interactions and actions motivated by factors other than greed.
Feminist economists also point out that agency is not available to everyone, such as children, the sick, and the frail elderly.
Feminist economists, argue on the contrary that a mathematical conception of economics limited to scarce resources is a holdover from the early years of science and Cartesian philosophy, and limits economic analysis.
Feminist economists suggest that both the content and teaching style of economics courses would benefit from certain changes.
" Feminist economists show that social constructs act to privilege male-identified, western, and heterosexual interpretations of economics.
Feminist economists often make a critical distinction that masculine bias in economics is primarily a result of gender, not sex.
Feminist economists say that mainstream economics has been disproportionately developed by European-descended, heterosexual, middle and upper-middle class men, and that this has led to suppression of the life experiences of the full diversity of the world's people, especially women, children and those in non-traditional families.
Feminist economists Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum created the human capabilities approach as an alternative way to assess economic success rooted in the ideas of welfare economics and focused on the individual's potential to do and be what he or she may choose to value.
Feminist economists modify these assumptions to account for exploitative sexual and gender relations, single-parent families, same-sex relationships, familial relations with children, and the consequences of reproduction.
Feminist economists join the UN and others in acknowledging care work, as a kind of work which includes all tasks involving caregiving, as central to economic development and human well-being.
Feminist economists study both paid and unpaid care work.
Feminist economists have argued that unpaid domestic work is as valuable as paid work, so measures of economic success should include unpaid work.
Feminist economists have also highlighted power and inequality issues within families and households.
Feminist economists seek to include the ramifications of this work in their data, analysis, and policy recommendations.
" Feminist economists have criticized the SNA for this exclusion, because by leaving out unpaid work, basic and necessary labor is ignored.
Feminist economists point out three main ways of determining the value of unpaid work: the opportunity cost method, replacement cost method, and input-output cost method.
Feminist economists such as Marilyn Power, Ellen Mutari and Deborah M. Figart have examined the gender pay gap and found that wage setting procedures are not primarily driven by market forces, but instead by the power of actors, cultural understandings of the value of work and what constitutes a proper living, and social gender norms.
Feminist economists ' work on globalization is diverse and multifaceted.
Feminist economists say too many theories claim to present universal principles but actually present a masculine viewpoint in the guise of a " view from nowhere ," so more varied sources of data collection are needed to mediate those issues.

Feminist and also
Feminist spirituality may also object to images of God that they perceive as authoritarian, parental, or disciplinarian, instead emphasizing " maternal " attributes such as nurturing, acceptance, and creativity.
An exception is Dianic Wicca ( also known as Feminist Witchcraft and / or Feminist Spirituality ), a branch of Wicca practiced almost exclusively by women, most of whom are heterosexual, preferring to practice their spirituality with other women in pursuit of Women's Mysteries.
In the book, Limbaugh also stated that the word refers to unspecified women whose goal is to allow as many abortions as possible, saying at one point that there were fewer than 25 " true feminazis " in the U. S. Limbaugh has used the term to refer to members of the National Center for Women and Policing, the Feminist Majority Foundation, the National Organization for Women, and other organizations at the March for Women's Lives, a large pro-choice demonstration.
Feminist interpretations have also appeared, with Dena Goodman being one notable example.
Feminist theory can also be seen at play in Stowe's book, with the novel as a critique of the patriarchal nature of slavery.
Feminist economics also includes study of norms relevant to economics, challenging the traditional view that material incentives will reliably provide the goods we want and need ( consumer sovereignty ), which does not hold true for many people.
She also starred in BBC productions such as The Faint-Hearted Feminist, A Woman Alone, Death of a Son, Calling the Shots and Fighting Back.
They also resulted in protests outside NBC's Washington, D. C., studios as well as a joint letter of complaint to NBC from the National Organization for Women, Feminist Majority, and the National Women's Political Caucus.
Chicago would also co-found the Woman's Building in 1973, which housed the Feminist Studio Workshop which allowed women to explore their artistic abilities and the meaning of being a woman through art.
In addition to societal studies, Feminist Geography also critiques Human Geography and other academic disciplines, arguing that academic structures have been traditionally characterized by a patriarchal perspective, and that contemporary studies which do not confront the nature of previous work reinforce the masculine bias of academic study.
" And “ How does the knowledge women produce about themselves differ from that produced by patriarchy ?” ( Bartowski and Kolmar 2005, 45 ) Feminist theorists have also proposed the “ feminist standpoint knowledge ” which attempts to replace “ the view from nowhere ” with the model of knowing that expels the “ view from women ’ s lives ”.
Feminist philosophy involves attempts to use methods of philosophy to further the cause of the feminist movements, it also tries to criticize and / or reevaluate the ideas of traditional philosophy from within a feminist view.
Feminist philosophers also have many different viewpoints taken on philosophical issues within those traditions.
Feminist economists have also challenged and exposed the rhetorical approach of mainstream economics.
New Feminist theories were also influenced by the Personalist and Phenomenology movements of the early 20th century.
In recognition of her scholarship, she also received two awards from the Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association: the Outstanding Contribution Award ( 1990 ) and the John Porter Award for her book " The Everyday World as Problematic: A Feminist Sociology.
6, 1982 ; and also reprinted with additional material in B. Ruby Rich, Chick Flicks: Theories and Memories of the Feminist Film Movement ( Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1998 )
Sloan-Hunter also helped organize the Berkeley Women ’ s Center and the Feminist School for Girls.
He is also the co-editor, with Mimi Reisel Gladstein, of Feminist Interpretations of Ayn Rand.
* Feminist perspectives on economics: e. g. Drucilla Barker & Edith Kuiper eds., ; see also feminist economics.

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