After the indecisive < ref name =" British historian Townsend Miller "> British historian Townsend Miller: “ But, if the outcome of < nowiki > battle of </ nowiki > Toro, militarily, is debatable, there is no doubt whatsoever as to its enormous psychological and political effects ” in The battle of Toro, 1476, in History Today, volume 14, 1964, p. 270 </ ref > Battle of Toro in 1476 against King Ferdinand II of Aragon, the husband of Isabella I of Castile, he went to France to obtain the assistance of Louis XI, but finding himself deceived by the French monarch, he returned to Portugal in 1477 in very low spirits.

The first one was the fact that queen Isabel II was a woman, and her father, king Ferdinand VII, had modified the Succession Law in order for her to be queen, excluding his brother Carlos.

* 1619 – Ferdinand II is elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

In Austria, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Serbian nationalist insurgents ( The Black Hand ) is blamed for igniting World War I after a succession of minor conflicts, while belligerents on both sides in World War II used operatives specifically trained for assassination.

The marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile in 1469 united the two royal lines.

Initially, Emperor Wilhelm II told the Archduke Franz Ferdinand that Germany was ready to support Austria in all circumstances — even at the risk of a world war, but the Austro-Hungarians hesitated.

In 1214, Ferdinand, Infante of Portugal, and Count of Flanders desired the return of the cities of Aire-sur-la-Lys and Saint-Omer, which he had recently lost to Philip II, King of France in the Treaty of Pont-à-Vendin.

Some notable collectors were Pope Boniface VIII, Emperor Maximilian of the Holy Roman Empire, Louis XIV of France, Ferdinand I, Henry IV of France and Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg, who started the Berlin Coin Cabinet ( German: Münzkabinett Berlin ).

In 1513, Ferdinand II of Aragon issued a decree establishing the encomienda land settlement system that was to be incorporated throughout the Spanish Americas.

** Ferdinand II ( 1830 – 1859 )

** Ferdinand II, 3rd Duke of Braganza and 1st Duke of Guimarães ( 1475 ).

She was the youngest surviving child of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile.

In 1617 the Catholic Ferdinand II was elected king of Bohemia.

* 1574 – Maria Anna of Bavaria, consort of Ferdinand II ( d. 1616 )

Almagro arrived in the New World on June 30, 1514, under the expedition that Ferdinand II of Aragon had sent under the guidance of Pedrarias Dávila.

* 1508 – The League of Cambrai is formed by Pope Julius II, Louis XII of France, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and Ferdinand II of Aragon as an alliance against Venice.

* Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor ( 1578 – 1637 )

* 1479 20 January – Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon – the Catholic Monarchs, jointly rule the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, including Gibraltar.

At that point, George William withdrew Brandenburg from the war and signed the Peace of Prague with Emperor Ferdinand II on 30 May 1635.

In 1521 he made an arrangement with Petar Keglević and pulled back from Hungary and Croatia ; this arrangement, accepted by Louis II in 1526, was not accepted by Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I until 1559.

After the accession of King Louis II, George was aided in his reforming efforts by Queen Maria, a sister of Charles V and Ferdinand I, who was favorably inclined toward the new doctrine.

In 1516, Ferdinand II of Aragon, grandfather of the future Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, died.

The latter would end up going to a more junior branch of the Habsburgs in the person of Charles's brother Ferdinand, while the senior branch continued rule in Spain and in the Burgundian inheritance in the person of Charles's son, Philip II of Spain.

After Ferdinand died in 1564, his son Maximilian II became Emperor, and like his father, accepted the existence of Protestantism and the need for occasional compromise with it.

Maria was a daughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary.

* 1637 – Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor.

* Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor ( 1503 – 1564 )

* Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor ( 1608 – 1657 )

The duchy of Brandenburg-Jägerndorf was confiscated by Ferdinand III of the Holy Roman Empire in 1622.

* 1578 – Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor ( d. 1637 )

By 1212 John had successfully concluded alliances with Renault of Dammartin, who controlled Boulogne, and Count Ferdinand of Flanders, as well as Otto IV, a contender for the crown of Holy Roman Emperor in Germany ; Otto was also John's nephew.

Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor once again asked for help of Gustav I of Sweden, and The Kingdom of Poland ( 1385 – 1569 ) also began direct negotiations with Gustav, but nothing resulted because on September 29, 1560, Gustav I Vasa died.

* 1503 – Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor ( d. 1564 )

* 1511 – Formation of the Holy League of Ferdinand II of Aragon, the Papal States and the Republic of Venice against France.

As one of their first acts after the war of succession, Ferdinand and Isabella established the centrally organized and efficient Holy Brotherhood ( Santa Hermandad ) as a national police force.

The Peace of Westphalia treaties involved the Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand III, of the House of Habsburg, the Kingdom of Spain, the Kingdom of France, the Swedish Empire, the Dutch Republic, the Princes of the Holy Roman Empire, and sovereigns of the free imperial cities and can be denoted by two major events.

The power taken by Ferdinand III in contravention of the Holy Roman Empire's constitution was stripped and returned to the rulers of the Imperial States.

Gregory interfered little in European politics, beyond assisting Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Catholic League against the Protestants -- to the tune of a million gold ducats -- as well as Sigismund III Vasa, King of the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth, against the Ottoman Empire.

In 1508, events so favoured the plans of Julius that he was able to conclude the League of Cambrai with Louis XII, King of France, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Ferdinand II, King of Aragon.

* 1598 – Eleonore Gonzaga, Italian wife of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor ( d. 1655 )

* 1635 – Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II of Austria declares war on France.

Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia.