After the indecisive < ref name =" British historian Townsend Miller "> British historian Townsend Miller: “ But, if the outcome of < nowiki > battle of </ nowiki > Toro, militarily, is debatable, there is no doubt whatsoever as to its enormous psychological and political effects ” in The battle of Toro, 1476, in History Today, volume 14, 1964, p. 270 </ ref > Battle of Toro in 1476 against King Ferdinand II of Aragon, the husband of Isabella I of Castile, he went to France to obtain the assistance of Louis XI, but finding himself deceived by the French monarch, he returned to Portugal in 1477 in very low spirits.

The first one was the fact that queen Isabel II was a woman, and her father, king Ferdinand VII, had modified the Succession Law in order for her to be queen, excluding his brother Carlos.

* 1619 – Ferdinand II is elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

In Austria, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Serbian nationalist insurgents ( The Black Hand ) is blamed for igniting World War I after a succession of minor conflicts, while belligerents on both sides in World War II used operatives specifically trained for assassination.

The marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile in 1469 united the two royal lines.

Initially, Emperor Wilhelm II told the Archduke Franz Ferdinand that Germany was ready to support Austria in all circumstances — even at the risk of a world war, but the Austro-Hungarians hesitated.

In 1214, Ferdinand, Infante of Portugal, and Count of Flanders desired the return of the cities of Aire-sur-la-Lys and Saint-Omer, which he had recently lost to Philip II, King of France in the Treaty of Pont-à-Vendin.

Some notable collectors were Pope Boniface VIII, Emperor Maximilian of the Holy Roman Empire, Louis XIV of France, Ferdinand I, Henry IV of France and Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg, who started the Berlin Coin Cabinet ( German: Münzkabinett Berlin ).

In 1513, Ferdinand II of Aragon issued a decree establishing the encomienda land settlement system that was to be incorporated throughout the Spanish Americas.

** Ferdinand II ( 1830 – 1859 )

** Ferdinand II, 3rd Duke of Braganza and 1st Duke of Guimarães ( 1475 ).

She was the youngest surviving child of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile.

In 1617 the Catholic Ferdinand II was elected king of Bohemia.

* 1574 – Maria Anna of Bavaria, consort of Ferdinand II ( d. 1616 )

Almagro arrived in the New World on June 30, 1514, under the expedition that Ferdinand II of Aragon had sent under the guidance of Pedrarias Dávila.

* 1508 – The League of Cambrai is formed by Pope Julius II, Louis XII of France, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and Ferdinand II of Aragon as an alliance against Venice.

* Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor ( 1578 – 1637 )

* 1479 20 January – Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon – the Catholic Monarchs, jointly rule the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, including Gibraltar.

At that point, George William withdrew Brandenburg from the war and signed the Peace of Prague with Emperor Ferdinand II on 30 May 1635.

In 1521 he made an arrangement with Petar Keglević and pulled back from Hungary and Croatia ; this arrangement, accepted by Louis II in 1526, was not accepted by Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I until 1559.

After the accession of King Louis II, George was aided in his reforming efforts by Queen Maria, a sister of Charles V and Ferdinand I, who was favorably inclined toward the new doctrine.

In 1516, Ferdinand II of Aragon, grandfather of the future Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, died.

The latter would end up going to a more junior branch of the Habsburgs in the person of Charles's brother Ferdinand, while the senior branch continued rule in Spain and in the Burgundian inheritance in the person of Charles's son, Philip II of Spain.

After Ferdinand died in 1564, his son Maximilian II became Emperor, and like his father, accepted the existence of Protestantism and the need for occasional compromise with it.

Afonso's attempts to take over the throne of Castile were not successful after he lost a short war with Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon.

Born at Medina del Campo, he was the son of Ferdinand I of Aragon ( known as Ferdinand of Antequera ) and Eleanor of Alburquerque.

In 1512 under Ferdinand the Catholic as King of the first political unit referred to as Spain, joint Spanish troops from both the Kingdom of Castile and the Kingdom of Aragon commanded by Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, second Duke of Alba, first invaded partially the Kingdom of Navarre.

Together, Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon were known as the " Catholic Monarchs " (), a title bestowed on them by Pope Alexander VI.

* 1452 – Ferdinand II of Aragon ( d. 1516 )

Melilla was part of the Kingdom of Fez when the Catholic Monarchs, Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon requested Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 3rd Duke of Medina Sidonia, to take the city.

Through her mother, Mary was a granddaughter of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile.

* 1500 – Treaty of Granada – Louis XII of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon agree to divide the Kingdom of Naples between them.

* 1511 – Formation of the Holy League of Ferdinand II of Aragon, the Papal States and the Republic of Venice against France.

* 1469 – Ferdinand II of Aragon marries Isabella I of Castile, a marriage that paves the way to the unification of Aragon and Castile into a single country, Spain.

The ' fantastic descriptions ' of the isthmus by Balboa, as well as those of Columbus and other explorers, impressed Ferdinand II of Aragon and Castilla, who gave the territory the name of Castilla Aurifica ( or Castilla del Oro, Golden Castille ).

Innocent granted Ferdinand II of Aragon the epithet " Catholic Majesty.

King Ferdinand of Aragon gave Innocent 100 Moorish slaves who shared them out with favoured Cardinals.

In 1508, events so favoured the plans of Julius that he was able to conclude the League of Cambrai with Louis XII, King of France, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Ferdinand II, King of Aragon.

* his successor in Naples, King Ferdinand I of Naples, ( b. 1423 ; reigned 1458 – 1494 ).

Palamedes, Creugas and Damoxenus, the Combat of Theseus and the Centaur, and Hercules and Lichas may close the class of heroic compositions, although the catalogue might be swelled by the enumeration of various others, such as Hector and Ajax, King Ferdinand of Naples, and others.

Despite pleas from Nelson and Hamilton, King Ferdinand of Naples refused to lend his frigates to the British fleet, fearing French reprisals.

On his return to Naples, Nelson was greeted with a triumphal procession led by King Ferdinand IV and Sir William Hamilton and was introduced for only the third time to Sir William's wife Emma, Lady Hamilton, who fainted violently at the meeting, and apparently took several weeks to recover from her injuries.

The apple of discord: King George I of Greece and Tsar Ferdinand of Bulgaria at Thessaloniki, December 1912.

Count Ferdinand remained imprisoned following his defeat, while King John obtained a five year truce, on very lenient terms given the circumstances.

Another Hungarian parliament elected Ferdinand Habsburg as King of Hungary.

* 1285 – King Ferdinand IV of Castile ( d. 1312 )

The spark was Napoleon's invasion of Spain, after which he deposed King Ferdinand VII and, in July 1808, placed his brother Joseph Bonaparte on the Spanish throne.

Albert ( full name: Frederick Augustus Albert Anton Ferdinand Joseph Karl Maria Baptist Nepomuk Wilhelm Xaver Georg Fidelis ) ( Dresden, 23 April 1828 – Schloss Sibyllenort ( Szczodre ), 19 June 1902 ) was a King of Saxony and a member of the House of Wettin.

* 1861 – King Ferdinand of Bulgaria ( d. 1948 )

# On 15 September 1790, to his double first cousin Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies ( 6 June 1772 – 13 April 1807 ), daughter of King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies ( both were grandchildren of Empress Maria Theresa and shared all of their other grandparents in common ), with whom he had twelve children, of whom only seven reached adulthood.

* 1309-While the King Ferdinand IV of Castile laid siege on Algeciras, Alonso Pérez de Guzmán ( known to the Spanish records as Guzmán el Bueno ) was sent to capture the town.

The oath of King Ferdinand, known as the " Catholic Monarch " on June 30, 1476 is depicted in a painting by Francisco de Mendieta popularly known as El besamanos (" The Royal audience ").

King Ferdinand made George the most alluring offers of Silesian possessions if he would support the emperor, but he strongly rejected them.

Isabella retained the throne and ruled jointly with her husband, King Ferdinand II.

The French were decisively defeated at the Battle of Vitoria in 1813, and the following year, Ferdinand VII was restored as King of Spain.

Leonora was the daughter of Ferdinand I, the Aragonese King of Naples, and Isabella of Taranto.

For Spain, dates commonly used are the death of King Ferdinand II in 1516, the death of Queen Isabella I of Castile in 1504, or the conquest of Granada in 1492.