Pragmatics and other aspects of the language not specified by Zamenhof's original documents were influenced by the native languages of early speakers, primarily Russian, Polish, German, and French.

The only minority language with a significant number of speakers ( 5. 4 %) was Polish ( a figure that rises to over 6 % when including Kashubian, Masurian, and other forms classified by the Imperial government as separate languages but today more often considered variants of Polish ).

In these villages, the influence of the kabbalists ( mystics ) prevailed ; while other communities of Yiddish speakers were becoming completely secular and creating an identity in the Lithuanian, Belorussian, Ukrainian and Polish Yiddish theater separate from any serious mysticism, finding commonality with the Haskallah taking place within the Austro-Czech Yiddish speaking regions.

All Kashubian speakers are also fluent in Polish.

The Lithuanian National Revival had begun to intensify by the end of the 19th century, and the number of Lithuanian speakers and people identifying themselves as ethnic Lithuanians started to increase ; but at the same time many Polish speaking Lithuanians, especially former szlachta, cut themselves adrift from the Lithuanian nation.

Areas that had many Polish-language speakers were known as the Polish departments.

The Nazi Party became the strongest party in the Masurian constituencies in the elections of 1930 and received its best results in the poorest areas of Masuria with the highest rate of Polish speakers.

Despite the pressure of non-Polish administrations in Poland, who have often attempted to suppress the Polish language, a rich literature has developed over the centuries, and the language is currently the largest, in terms of speakers, of the West Slavic group.

There are also significant numbers of Polish speakers among Polish emigrants and their descendants in many other countries, including Argentina, Andorra, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, the Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Sweden, Peru, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, the UAE, the UK, Uruguay and the United States.

The largest concentrations of Polish speakers reported in the census ( over 50 %) were found in three states: Illinois ( 185, 749 ), New York ( 111, 740 ) and New Jersey ( 74, 663 ).

In Canada, there is a significant Polish Canadian population: there are 242, 885 speakers of Polish according to the 2006 census, with a particular concentration in Toronto ( 91, 810 speakers ).

However, it exhibits sufficient significant differences to merit its classification as a separate language ; for instance, it is not readily understandable to Polish speakers unless written.

There are about native 106, 000 speakers according to the Polish 2011 census, while being the third most used language in Poland, after Polish language and Silesian language.

Only in Poland there are above 0. 5 million native speakers according to the 2011 census, while being the second most used language in Poland, after Polish language.

A bill passed by the Polish parliament in 2005 recognizes it as the only regional language in the Republic of Poland, and provides for its use in official contexts in 10 communes where its speakers constitute at least 20 % of the population.

Polish and Latin speakers call the area Sambia, while the Lithuanian name is Semba.

During the early 20th century, the Lithuanian-speaking population of Vilnius constituted only a small minority, with Polish, Yiddish, and Belarusian speakers comprising the majority of the city's population.

These two invasions caused English to become " mixed " to some degree ( though it was never a truly mixed language in the strictest sense of the word ; mixed languages arise from the cohabitation of speakers of different languages, who develop a hybrid tongue for basic communication ).

Although the letter ⟨ t ⟩ is pronounced by some speakers with aspiration at the beginning of words, this is never indicated in the spelling, and, indeed, this phonetic detail is probably not noticeable to the average native speaker not trained in phonetics.

For example, the previous emperor is usually called Hirohito in English, although he was never referred to as Hirohito in Japan, and was renamed Shōwa Tennō after his death, which is the only name that Japanese speakers currently use when referring to him.

For example, English speakers recognize that the words dog and dogs are closely related — differentiated only by the plurality morpheme "- s ", which is only found bound to nouns, and is never separate.

While Sapir never made a point of studying directly how languages affected the thought processes of their speakers, some notion of ( probably " weak ") linguistic relativity lay inherent in his basic understanding of language, and would be taken up by his student Benjamin Lee Whorf.

The number of speakers is estimated at fewer than 1, 000 ; it was probably double or triple this number at the close of the 19th century, but never much higher.

A 2010 Scottish Government study of " public attitudes towards the Scots language " found that 64 % of respondents ( around 1, 000 individuals being a representative sample of Scotland's adult population ) " don't really think of Scots as a language ", but it also found that " the most frequent speakers are least likely to agree that it is not a language ( 58 %) and those never speaking Scots most likely to do so ( 72 %)".

In the urbane scene that opens Plato's Republic — the dialogue takes place in a metic household — the status of the speakers as citizen or metic is never mentioned.

But in such cases, the language never ceased to be used by speakers, and as linguists ' subdivisions in the process of language change are fairly arbitrary, such forerunner languages are not properly speaking extinct.

( Native speakers and speakers with a lot of experience usually get an intuitive grasp of those subtle rules and are able to conjugate even irregular verbs that they have never heard before.

Leslie never advertised his speakers.

Russian speakers sometimes palatalize consonants in loanwords that had never been palatized ( as instead of for модерн ) under the influence of the spelling.

Also, in some Spanish dialects, especially in the Caribbean, the " s " sound and others are almost dropped from the end of words, and some speakers from these areas may have a tendency to add an " s " sound, even to words that never had it.

They branched out into other audio components such as amplifiers and eventually speakers, but these products were never as highly regarded by the audio community as their cassette decks.

For example, in the dialect spoken in and around Liège, particularly among older speakers, the letter " h " is pronounced in certain positions, whereas it is never pronounced in Standard French.

Its speakers never referred to it as " Istriot ".

Uniformity of spoken English never existed and does not exist now, but usages do exist, which must be learnt by the speakers, and do not conform to prescriptive rules.

Spanish speakers typically come from South America, mainly Chile, and most were political refugees who never fully integrated.

For example, a person who speaks German fluently, but who is not a native German speaker, has never studied German, never been to a German-speaking country, and never associated with German speakers or had any other source of exposure to the German language, would be said to exhibit xenoglossy.

For instance, in Slavic countries and in German-speaking ones the letter " C " before the front vowels and commonly receives the value of and speakers pronounce " G " in all positions hard, never as English J.

Whorf is widely known as an advocate for the idea that because of linguistic differences in grammar and usage, speakers of different languages conceptualize and experience the world differently.

Such speakers have internalized something called " linguistic competence ", which gives them the ability to extrapolate correctly from their experience new but correct expressions, and to reject unacceptable expressions.

In Fish ’ s source the term is explained as “ the idea that it is possible to characterize a linguistic system that every speaker shares .” In the context of literary criticism, Fish uses this concept to argue that a reader ’ s approach to a text is not completely subjective, and that an internalized understanding of language shared by the native speakers of that given language makes possible the creation of normative boundaries for one ’ s experience with language.

Today, home cinema implies a real " cinema experience " and therefore a higher quality set of components than an average television with only built-in speakers provides.

Participants build trail for seven days and then go on a seven day educational trek throughout Philmont, involving hands-on experience with a variety of conservation projects on the ranch and visits from guest speakers involved in conservation and resource management.

There would be speakers surrounding the audience that would reproduce, at some level, for the listener, the experience that Steve was having within his array of instruments.

In addition to using the case study method — used for graduate study in law, business, and public policy — SPS students continue the dynamic learning experience outside the classroom through policy simulations, speakers, and visits and meetings with public servants from State Department Foreign Service Officers to serving Army and Marine officers.

Guest speakers come to offer their experience to the students in the classrooms as well as in a workshop to the public.

In order to convey abstract ideas, the first recourse of speakers is to fall back on immediately recognisable concrete imagery, very often deploying metaphors rooted in shared bodily experience.

For instance, a study showing that speakers of languages lacking a subjunctive mood such as Chinese experience difficulty with hypothetical problems has been discredited.

They will also come with speakers or headphone attachments that will complete the experience with sounds.

Spoken and written symbols differ between languages, but the mental experiences are the same for all ( so that the English word ' cat ' and the French word ' chat ' are different symbols, but the mental experience they stand for-the concept of a cat-is the same for English speakers and French speakers ).

Milford saw immediately that the dictionary could fill a troublesome gap in the Press's lists, since it was compiled for non-English speakers and rested on Hornby's solid experience in teaching the language overseas.

The COCP is group of chapter presidents that go to one meeting at every convention to discuss the on goings of their chapter and problems that they face. In the New Jersey Region of the Mid Atlantic State, the Secretary of the COCP is responsible for cohosting the 5 meetings with the Vice Mayor and creates the rules for Chapter Challenge, a game for chapters to try and outperform each other in terms of convention delegations, speakers and moderators, activism activities, and other things that enhance the JSA experience.

* Militarily, speakers attempted to draw lessons from the experience ( in many cases their experience ) of the earlier war, explicitly mentioning the Antwerp expedition and the attempt to force the Dardanelles as relevant to the hazards which were run or should have been run in Norway.

An official website of the production is available, in it surfers can see a selection of episodes in video streaming, albeit the dialogue is just in Italian the linear nature of the plots and the visual gags can offer a rewarding experience even to non-Italian speakers.

These facilities will enhance the visitor experience, provide critical sources of income and expand our ability to attract nationally recognized speakers, symposia and conferences to the Garden.

Its capability to turn simple stereo speakers into a 3D-audio experience was clearly ahead of the pack for the time, and is unique in its presentation compared to even the renowned and far newer Creative Audigy 2 series.

The digitally mixed audio system routes an intricate mix of sound effects and music to these speakers to create a very dynamic surround-sound audio experience.