It was named for Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, who had been a supporter of American causes in Parliament, and who was serving as British Prime Minister at the time.

While in the Falkland Islands, FitzRoy bought a schooner out of his own funds to assist with the surveying tasks he had been asked to complete, and had it refitted and renamed Adventure, hoping that the cost would be reimbursed by the Admiralty.

Soon after the Beagles return on 2 October 1836, FitzRoy married a young woman to whom he had long been engaged.

The fishing fleet owners reckoned without the pressure of the normal fishermen, for whom FitzRoy had been a hero, responsible for saving many lives and the system was resumed in a simplified form in 1874.

Grey, armed with the financial support and far more troops armed with 32-pounder cannons, that had been denied to FitzRoy, attacked and occupied Kawiti's fortress at Ruapekapeka, forcing Kawiti to retreat.

Darwin was invited by FitzRoy to contribute the natural history section to the captain's account of the Beagle's voyage, and using his field notes and the journal which he had been sending home for his family to read, completed this section by September 1837.

The Southampton title had previously been created for Charles FitzRoy, eldest natural son of Charles II and the Duchess of Cleveland and the elder brother of Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton, but had become extinct in 1774 on the death of his son William FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Cleveland and 2nd Duke of Southampton, six years before the creation of the barony of Southampton.

He was a great-grandson of Charles FitzRoy, the second Duke of the first creation, and had already been created Marquess of Cleveland in 1827.

FitzRoy too had seen geological features as supporting Lyell's timescale, and on his return to England extracts from his diary stressing the immense age of the Patagonian raised beaches were read to the Royal Geographical Society, but he married a very religious lady and in his Narrative of the voyage added a supplement regretting having " remarked to a friend " that these vast plains " could never have been effected by a forty days ' flood ", remarks he ascribed to his own " turn of mind and ignorance of scripture " during the voyage.

Augustus FitzRoy, who was later Prime Minister as the 3rd Duke of Grafton, was elected MP for Boroughbridge in 1756 ; however, he never sat for the borough as he preferred to represent Bury St Edmunds where he had also been elected.

On 23 February 1857 the Darwins were visited for lunch by Robert FitzRoy, who had been the captain of HMS Beagle during Darwin's voyage, together with his second wife, his first wife and his only daughter having died.

Robert FitzRoy, who had been the captain of during Darwin's voyage, was there to present a paper on storms.

Darwin had already been invited by FitzRoy to contribute his Journal, based on his field notes, as the natural history section of the captain's account of the Beagle's voyage, and this ended up keeping him fully occupied from 13 March to the end of September.

In May he heard of the suicide of Robert FitzRoy, who had been captain of HMS Beagle, and commented that " I never knew in my life so mixed a character.

Vice-Admiral Robert FitzRoy was commemorated on two stamps issued by the Royal Mail for the Falkland Islands and St Helena.

* On 27 December 1831, set off from anchorage in the Barn Pool, under Mount Edgecumbe on the west side of Plymouth Sound, on her second survey voyage, captained by Robert FitzRoy with Charles Darwin on board.

Four native Fuegians, including " Jemmy Button " ( Orundellico ), were brought from Tierra del Fuego by Robert FitzRoy on his first voyage with the HMS Beagle in 1830.

In 2002 it was renamed FitzRoy – in honour of the founder of the Met Office ) – to avoid confusion with the smaller sea area of the same name featuring in the marine forecasts produced by the French and Spanish meteorological offices.

Richmond was eventually willed by Francis II, Duke of Brittany to Henry VII of England, whose grandson Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset was independent Richmond's first duke, to distinguish from an earlier junior status as county.

Although he was strongly criticised by settlers and the New Zealand Company, Governor FitzRoy who arrived in New Zealand in December 1843 investigated the Wairau Affray and exonerated Te Rauparaha and Te Rangihaeata.

FitzRoy knew it was highly improbable that troops would be despatched by the British Government to wage war on the Māori or defend the settlers.

FitzRoy was very unpopular and was recalled to be replaced by Governor George Grey.

Through her father she descends from Charles II of England through his illegitimate child Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton by Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland.

They were given names: the girl he called Fuegia Basket ( so named because the replacement for the stolen boat was an improvised coracle that resembled a basket ), the boy Jemmy Button ( he was purchased by FitzRoy with buttons ) and the one man who did not escape he named York Minster ( named after the large rock near which he was captured ).

Darwin incautiously asked FitzRoy if he thought slaves could answer such a question honestly when it was posed by their master, at which the captain lost his temper and, before storming out, told Darwin that if he doubted his word they could no longer live together ; effectively he banished Darwin from his table.

FitzRoy was awarded a gold medal by the Royal Geographical Society in 1837.

Fitzroy River, in northern Western Australia, was named after him by Lieutenant John Lort Stokes who, at the time, commanded HMS Beagle ( previously commanded by FitzRoy ).

On 4 February 2002, when the shipping forecast sea area Finisterre was renamed to avoid confusion with the ( smaller ) French and Spanish forecast area of the same name, the new name chosen by the UK's Meteorological Office was " FitzRoy ", in honour of their founder.

* Baron Southampton, by Charles FitzRoy, from 1964 to 1989

However evidence later provided to the Spain Land Commission – set up by Governor FitzRoy to investigate New Zealand Company land claims – revealed three major flaws: that chiefs representing pā of Te Aro, Pipitea and Kumutoto, where the settlement of Thorndon was to be sited, were neither consulted nor paid ; that Te Wharepouri, an aggressive and boastful young chief eager to prove his importance, had sold land he did not control ; and that Barrett's explanation and interpretation of the terms of the sale was woefully inadequate.

Although settlers in Nelson and Wellington were appalled at the slaughter at Wairau, an investigation by Governor Robert FitzRoy laid the blame squarely at the feet of the New Zealand Company representatives.

He had a second illegitimate son, Charles Hamilton, by Barbara FitzRoy, as well as two daughters named Ruthven.

Governor Hobson died and was replaced by Robert FitzRoy.

She was married to George Fitzroy, Earl of Euston, second son of Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton and Lady Henrietta Somerset.

Initially Fitzroy and Wakefield clashed seriously, particularly when FitzRoy declined to take any action against his brother's killers, as the settler party was acting illegally over a questionable land claim.

The Fitzroy Tavern was named after Charles FitzRoy ( later Baron Southampton ), who first developed the northern part of the area in the 18th century.

FitzRoy purchased the Manor of Tottenhall and built Fitzroy Square, to which he gave his name ; nearby Fitzroy Street also bears his name.

In addition to Fitzroy Square and nearby Fitzroy Street, there are numerous locations named for the FitzRoy family and Devonshire / Portland family, both significant local landowners.

The Fitzroy was named by Charles and William Archer on 4 May 1853 in honour of Sir Charles FitzRoy, Governor of the Colony of New South Wales, as Queensland did not become a separate colony until 1859.

The names of two settlements on East Falkland, Darwin and Fitzroy, commemorate Charles Darwin and Robert FitzRoy respectively.

Fitzroy or FitzRoy is an Anglo-Norman name originally meaning " son of the king ".

Stanhope was the son of William Stanhope, 2nd Earl of Harrington and Lady Caroline Fitzroy, daughter of Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton and Lady Henrietta Somerset, daughter of Charles Somerset, Marquess of Worcester and Rebecca Child.

The gardens were known as Fitzroy Square until 1862, named after Sir Charles Augustus FitzRoy, a governor of New South Wales.

A member of the Seymour family headed by the Duke of Somerset, Hertford was the eldest son of Francis Seymour-Conway, 1st Marquess of Hertford, and Lady Isabella Fitzroy, daughter of Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton.

On 2 September 1725, he married Lady Grace Fitzroy, daughter of Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland and they had seven children.

The square, nearby Fitzroy Street and the Fitzroy Tavern in Charlotte Street have the family name of Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, into whose ownership the land passed through his marriage.