Bond's tastes are also often taken from Fleming's own as was his behaviour, with Bond's love of golf and gambling mirroring Fleming's own.

As usual in the Bond novels, a number of Fleming's friends or associates had their names used in the novel ; the Masterton sisters having their names taken from Sir John Masterman, an MI5 agent and Oxford academic who ran the double cross system during World War II ; Alfred Whiting, the golf professional at Royal St George's Golf Club, Sandwich, becoming Alfred Blacking ; whilst the Royal St George's Golf Club itself became the Royal St Mark's, for the game between Bond and Goldfinger.

Many of Bond's tastes and traits were Fleming's own, including sharing the same golf handicap, the taste for scrambled eggs and using the same brand of toiletries.

Bond's tastes are also often taken from Fleming's own as was his behaviour, with Bond's love of golf and gambling mirroring Fleming's own.

Michael Garrison and his partner at the time, Gregory Ratoff, purchased the film rights to Ian Fleming's first Bond novel, Casino Royale, in 1954 for $ 600.

John Henry Fleming's Fearsome Creatures of Florida ( Pocol Press, 2009 ) borrows from the medieval bestiary tradition to impart moral lessons about the environment.

There have been six other authors who wrote authorised Bond novels or novelizations after Fleming's death in 1964: Kingsley Amis, Christopher Wood, John Gardner, Raymond Benson, Sebastian Faulks and Jeffery Deaver ; a new novel, written by William Boyd, is planned for release in 2013.

Despite the commercial success of Fleming's fantastical anti-Communist novels, other former spies, such as John le Carré and Len Deighton, created anti-heroic men protagonists who used the immoral tactics.

" Writing in The New York Times, Anthony Boucher — described by a Fleming biographer, John Pearson as " throughout an avid anti-Bond and an anti-Fleming man "— was again damning of Fleming's work, saying " it's harder than ever to see why an ardent coterie so admires Ian Fleming's tales ".

The second is an excerpt from the chapter on Arcadia in John Fleming's book Stoppard's Theatre: Finding Order amid Chaos.

The king did have a small household of Scots paid for by the English — these included Henry Sinclair, Earl of Orkney, Sir David Fleming's nephew, Alexander Seton and Orkney's brother John Sinclair following the earl's return to Scotland.

The novel's sales were aided by an advertising campaign that played upon a visit by British Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden to Fleming's Goldeneye estate and by the publication of a 1961 Life Magazine article, which listed From Russia, with Love as one of US President John F. Kennedy's ten favourite books.

Writing in The New York Times, Anthony Boucher – described by a Fleming biographer, John Pearson, as " throughout an avid anti-Bond and an anti-Fleming man " – was damning in his review, saying that From Russia, with Love was Fleming's " longest and poorest book ".

Fleming's 1942 film version of John Steinbeck's Tortilla Flat starred Spencer Tracy, John Garfield, Hedy Lamarr, and Frank Morgan.

Fleming's golfing friend John Blackwell then became the heroin smuggler at the beginning of the book, with a sister who was a heroin addict.

Although she has a small part in the films, it is always highlighted by the underscored romantic tension between her and Bond ( something that is virtually nonexistent in Ian Fleming's novels, though somewhat more apparent in the Bond novels of John Gardner and Raymond Benson ).

Primary amongst these was Rear Admiral John Godfrey, who was Fleming's superior at the Naval Intelligence Division.

Fleming based much of M's character on Rear Admiral John Godfrey, Director of Naval Intelligence of the Royal Navy, and Fleming's superior during World War II.

Fleming's biographer John Pearson also hypothesised that Fleming's characterisation of M reflects memories of his mother:

Bond scholar John Griswold notes that in the original draft of the story, Fleming killed Leiter off in the shark attack ; when Naomi Burton, Fleming's US agent with Curtis Brown protested about the death of the character, Fleming relented and Leiter lived, albeit missing an arm and half a leg.

These in turn were replaced by the crystal detector around 1906, and then around 1920 by vacuum tube technologies such as John Ambrose Fleming's thermionic diode and the triode-based regenerative detector invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong.

De Forest continued to claim that he developed the Audion independently from John Ambrose Fleming's earlier research on the thermionic valve ( for which he received Great Britain patent 24850 and the American Fleming valve patent (), and became embroiled in many radio-related patent disputes.

* Magician and inventor Nevil Maskelyne disrupts John Ambrose Fleming's public demonstration of Guglielmo Marconi's purportedly secure wireless telegraphy technology, sending insulting Morse code messages through the auditorium's projector.

John Ambrose Fleming's development of an early thermionic valve to help detect radio waves was based upon a discovery by Thomas Edison ( called " The Edison effect "), which essentially modified an early light bulb.

Writing in The New York Times, Anthony Boucher — described by a Fleming biographer, John Pearson as " throughout an avid anti-Bond and an anti-Fleming man "— described what his main issue with Fleming's work was: " his basic weakness as a storyteller, which can be summed up in two words: ' no story.

One of Fleming's neighbours in Jamaica, and later his lover, was Blanche Blackwell, mother of Chris Blackwell of Island Records: Fleming named the guano-collecting ship in Dr. No as Blanche.

One of Fleming's neighbours in Jamaica, and later his lover, was Blanche Blackwell, mother of Chris Blackwell of Island Records ; Fleming used Blanche as the model for Pussy Galore, although the name " Pussy " came from Mrs " Pussy " Deakin, formerly Livia Stela, an SOE agent and friend of his wife's.

One of Fleming's neighbours in Jamaica, and later his lover, was Blanche Blackwell, mother of Chris Blackwell of Island Records.

Blanche Blackwell, a Jamaican of Anglo-Jewish descent, was considered the love of Fleming's later life and formed his model for Pussy Galore.

Fleming's book The Fixers ( about MGM's legendary " fixers " Eddie Mannix and Howard Strickling ), Beery, gangster Pat DiCicco, and Albert R. " Cubby " Broccoli ( who was also DiCicco's cousin and eventual producer of the James Bond films ) allegedly beat comedian Ted Healy to death in the parking lot of the Trocadero nightclub in 1937.

Fleming's book The Fixers ( about MGM's legendary " fixers " Eddie Mannix and Howard Strickling ), Wallace Beery ( one of MGM's top stars ), gangster Pat DiCicco, and Albert R. " Cubby " Broccoli ( who was also DiCicco's cousin and eventual producer of the James Bond films ) allegedly beat comedian and movie actor Ted Healy to death in the parking lot of the Trocadero nightclub on December 21, 1937.

According to E. J. Fleming's book The Fixers, Broccoli, his cousin, gangster Pasquale ' Pat ' DiCicco, and film star Wallace Beery fought with Healy and beat him to death.

Fleming's impression was that because of the problem of producing it in quantity, and because its action appeared to be rather slow, penicillin would not be important in treating infection.

Fleming's Nobel Prize medal was acquired by the National Museums of Scotland in 1989 and is on display after the museum re-opened in 2011.

The book was the first to be written after the release of Dr. No in cinemas and Sean Connery's depiction of Bond affected Fleming's interpretation of the character, to give Bond both a sense of humour and Scottish antecedents that were not present in the previous stories.

Fleming's diode was used in radio receivers and radars for many decades afterwards, until it was superseded by solid state electronic technology more than 50 years later.

This was a higher honour than the knighthood awarded to penicillin's discoverer, Sir Alexander Fleming, and it recognised the monumental work Florey did in making penicillin available in sufficient quantities to save millions of lives in the war, despite Fleming's doubts that this was feasible.

The conference did not adopt Fleming's time zones because they were outside the purpose for which it was called, which was to choose a prime meridian.

Dr. No was the first of Fleming's novels to receive large-scale negative criticism in Britain, with Paul Johnson of the New Statesman writing his review about the " Sex, Snobbery and Sadism " of the story.

Rider is described in the book as having buttocks like a boy, which brought a response from Fleming's friend Noël Coward that " I was also slightly shocked by the lascivious announcement that Honeychile's bottom was like a boy's.

Fleming's inspiration for the Dr. No character was Sax Rohmer's villain Dr Fu Manchu, the books about who Fleming had read and enjoyed in earlier years.

Writing in The Times Literary Supplement Philip Stead was more generous to Dr. No, although he thought that Fleming was offering " too opulent a feast " with the book, although he manages to pull this off, where " a less accomplished writer, lacking Mr. Fleming's quick descriptive gift and his powers of making his characters talk with such lucid and natural style, would never have got away with this story.

Niven was the only James Bond actor mentioned by name in the text of Fleming's novels.

The story was written at Fleming's Goldeneye estate in Jamaica in early 1956.

Fleming's trip to Istanbul in June 1955 to cover an Interpol conference for The Sunday Times was a source of much of the background information in the story.

Benson felt that the " Fleming Sweep steadily propels the plot " of From Russia, with Love and, though it was the longest of Fleming's novels, " the Sweep makes it seem half as long.

Julian Symons, in The Times Literary Supplement, considered that it was Fleming's " tautest, most exciting and most brilliant tale ", that the author " brings the thriller in line with modern emotional needs ", and that Bond " is the intellectual's Mike Hammer: a killer with a keen eye and a soft heart for a woman ".