The family originated in Tuscany, in the town of Poliziano, which had once been subject to Siena, but later was under the control of Florence.

The traces of influences from ancient Roman and Greek art that are present in some of Masaccio's works presumably originated from this trip: they should also have been present in a lost Sagra, ( today known through some drawings, including one by Michelangelo ), a fresco commissioned for the consecration ceremony of the church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence ( April 19, 1422 ).

* Isabella Summers, the songwriter, producer, remixer, and member of a British band, Florence and the Machine, originated in Aldeburgh.

She then originated the role of Florence for the 1984 concept album of Chess, with lyrics by Tim Rice and music by Ulvaeus and Andersson.

An example is standard Italian, which originated as a literary language derived from the language of 13th-century Florence, especially as used by most important Florentine writers such as Dante and Bocaccio.

The craft originated in the Italian city of Florence, which has been known as a bustling center for the arts for many centuries.

The title role of Fanny was originated by Florence Henderson who later gained worldwide fame as matriarch Carol Brady in the long-running TV series, The Brady Bunch.

Born in Florence to a family that had originated at Montevarchi, he frequented the neoplatonic academy that Bernardo Rucellai organized in his garden, the Orti Oricellari ; there, in spite of the fact that Rucellai was married to the elder sister of Lorenzo de ' Medici, republican ideals circulated, in the context of revived classical culture, that culminated in a plot in 1513 to subvert Medici rule in Florence.

Headsets for instantaneous translation at London ESFBabels originated in the process of preparation for the 2002 ESF, a left-wing conference of the anti-globalization movement held in Florence.

The first female member Florence Rankin joined AA in March 1937, and the first non-Protestant member, a Roman Catholic, joined in 1939.

John XXIII was acknowledged as pope by France, England, Bohemia, Prussia, Portugal, parts of the Holy Roman Empire, and numerous Northern Italian city states, including Florence and Venice ; however, the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII was regarded as pope by the Kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, and Scotland and Gregory XII was still favored by Ladislaus of Naples, Carlo I Malatesta, the princes of Bavaria, Louis III, Elector Palatine, and parts of Germany and Poland.

Also, it is said that Erasmus chose to remain a Roman Catholic because of a lecture he heard from Savonarola, the Dominican friar who was highly influential in Florence for a time.

A page of Fibonacci's Liber Abaci from the National Central Library ( Florence ) | Biblioteca Nazionale di Firenze showing ( in box on right ) the Fibonacci sequence with the position in the sequence labeled in Roman numerals and the value in Hindu-Arabic numerals.

A wooden model of Florence as it would have probably looked during Roman times, showing the ancient amphitheatre

Giovanni d ' Andrea was born at Rifredo, near Florence, and studied Roman law and canon law at the University of Bologna, the great law school of the age, where he distinguished himself in this subject so much that he was made professor at Padua, and then at Pisa before returning to Bologna, where he remained from the season of 1301-02 until his death, save for brief seasons at Padua 1307-09 and 1319.

Beginning roughly in the 14th century in Florence, and later spreading through Europe with the development of printing press, a Renaissance of knowledge challenged traditional doctrines in science and theology, with the rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman knowledge.

As a satellite of Siena since the Battle of Montaperti in 1260, Montalcino was deeply involved and affected by the conflicts in which Siena became embroiled, particularly in those with the city of Florence in the 14th and 15th centuries, and like many other cities in central and northern Italy, the town was also caught up in the internecine wars between the Ghibellines ( supporters of the Holy Roman Empire ) and the Guelphs ( supporters of the Papacy ).

Along with the pope and the major cities like Venice and Florence, foreign powers such as France, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, and even Switzerland battled for regional influence and control.

Stephen IX died at Florence on 29 March 1058 and is considered by the current-day Roman Catholic Church to have been succeeded by Pope Nicholas II, though others consider his successor to be Pope Benedict X, officially regarded as an antipope.

Examples of such plutocracies include the Roman Republic, some city-states in Ancient Greece, the civilization of Carthage, the Italian city-states / merchant republics of Venice, Florence, Genoa, and pre-World War II Empire of Japan zaibatsu.

* The city of Florence bans the use of Arabic numerals for commerce, allowing only Roman numerals.

Stephen died before being able to return to Rome, but Hildebrand was successful ; he was then instrumental in overcoming the crisis caused by the Roman aristocracy's election of an antipope, Benedict X, who, thanks also to Agnes's support, was replaced by the Bishop of Florence, Nicholas II.

Category: Roman Catholic archbishops of Florence

He had named them Roman patricians ; the latter he had placed in charge of Florence ; the former, for whom he planned to carve out a kingdom in central Italy of Parma, Piacenza, Ferrara and Urbino, he had taken with himself to Rome and married to Filiberta of Savoy.

In 1350 the king was visited at Prague by the Roman tribune Cola di Rienzo, who urged him to go to Italy, where the poet Petrarch and the citizens of Florence also implored his presence.

* Two Ethiopians attend an ecclesiastical council at Florence, as part of the negotiations concerning a possible union of Coptic and Roman Catholic Christianity.

* October 31 – Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor is forced to abandon his campaign against Florence.

In 1530, however, Pope, Clement VII ( Giulio de ’ Medici ) with the help of soldiers of the Holy Roman Emperor, restored Medici rule and Florence became an hereditary dukedom.

He also brought the Byzantine scholar Manuel Chysoloras to Florence in 1397 to teach one of the first courses in Greek since the end of the Roman Empire.

Desperate for any type of military assistance, Constantine XI appealed to the West reaffirming the union of Eastern and Roman Churches which had been signed at the Council of Florence, a condition the Catholic Church imposed before any help could be provided.

A Roman sepulchre in Florence shows people playing this game, stooping down to measure the points.

Born in Florence, Italy at the Palazzo Pitti on 26 April 1575, Marie was the sixth daughter of Francesco I de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Joanna, Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary.

It can be said of late phase mannerist painting in Florence, that the city that had early breathed life into statuary with the works of masters like Donatello and Michelangelo, was still so awed by them that it petrified the poses of figures in painting.

The river flooded this city regularly in historical times, the last occasion being the famous flood of 1966, with 4, 500 m³ / s after rainfall of in Badia Agnano and in Florence, in only 24 hours.

These castes had a complex structure in the fragmented city states of Italy such as Genoa, Venice, Naples, Roma, Florence and Lombardy ; in some, the merchants were the nobili, in others the nobili despised the merchant caste and were agriculturalists, in yet others the nobili caste despised all work.

The Chianti Classico region covers an area of approximate 100 square miles ( 259 square kilometers ) between the city of Florence to the north and Siena to the south.

The sub-zones are ( clockwise from the north ): the Colli Fiorentini which is located south of the city of Florence ; Chianti Rufina in the northeastern part of the zone located around the commune of Rufina ; Classico in the centre of Chianti, across the provinces of Florence and Siena ; Colli Aretini in the Arezzo province to the east ; Colli Senesi south of Chianti Classico in the Siena hills, which is the largest of the sub-zones and includes the Brunello di Montalcino and Vino Nobile di Montepulciano areas ; Colline Pisane, the westernmost sub-zone in the province of Pisa ; Montespertoli located within the Colli Fiorentini around the commune of Montespertoli ; Montalbano in the north-west part of the zone which includes the Carmignano DOCG.

Florence (, alternative obsolete form: Fiorenza ; Latin: Florentia ) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence.

The historic centre of Florence attracts millions of tourists each year, and Euromonitor International ranked the city as the world's 72nd most visited in 2009, with 1, 685, 000 visitors.

Florence is also an important city in Italian fashion, being ranked within the top fifty fashion capitals of the world ; furthermore, it is also a major national economic centre, being a tourist and industrial hub.

Florence replaced Turin as Italy's capital in 1865 and, in an effort to modernise the city, the old market in the Piazza del Mercato Vecchio and many medieval houses were pulled down and replaced by a more formal street plan with newer houses.

Boccaccio returned to Florence in early 1341, avoiding the plague in that city of 1340, but also missing the visit of Petrarch to Naples in 1341.

Like many other families, the Albertis had been expelled from their native city, Florence, by the republican government, run by the Albizzis.

Believing that people were motivated by self-interest, Niccolò Machiavelli wrote The Prince in 1513 as advice for the city of Florence, Italy.

The resulting space is often seen in old city centers of Europe even to this day, as broader streets often outline where the old wall once stood ( evident for example in Prague and Florence, Italy ).

Michelangelo returned to Florence but received no commissions from the new city government under Savonarola.

A siege of the city ensued, and Michelangelo went to the aid of his beloved Florence by working on the city's fortifications from 1528 to 1529.

Boniface also placed the city of Florence under an interdict and invited the ambitious French Count Charles of Valois to enter Italy in 1300 to end the feud of Black and White Guelphs, the poet Dante being in the party of the Whites.

After studying at the universities of Siena and Florence, he settled in the former city as a teacher, but in 1431 accepted the post of secretary to Domenico Capranica, bishop of Fermo, then on his way to the Council of Basel ( 1431 – 39 ).

Meanwhile the War of the Eight Saints, carried on with spates of unprecedented cruelty to civilians, was draining the resources of Florence, though the city ignored the interdict placed upon it by Gregory, declared its churches open, and sold ecclesiastical property for 100, 000 florins to finance the war.

After the Middle Ages, Rome was ruled by popes such as Alexander VI and Leo X, who transformed the city into one of the major centers of the Italian Renaissance, along with Florence.

These included the Italian city states of Florence and Venice and members of the Hanseatic League.