My other nugget of art and architectural knowledge -- besides remembering that it was Ghiberti who designed the doors of the baptistery in Florence -- is the three styles of Greek columns.

Based on a statement by Darnley made in 1894, it was believed that a group of Victorian ladies, including Darnley's later wife Florence Morphy, made the presentation after the victory in the Third Test in 1883.

Born in Florence, in 1540, after the death of his father, he was brought up and trained in art by a close friend, often referred to as his ' uncle ', the mannerist painter Agnolo Bronzino, whose name he sometimes assumed in his pictures.

It can be said of late phase mannerist painting in Florence, that the city that had early breathed life into statuary with the works of masters like Donatello and Michelangelo, was still so awed by them that it petrified the poses of figures in painting.

While by 1600 the Baroque elsewhere was beginning to give life to painted figures, Florence was painting two-dimensional statues.

But in this Council, and later, in that of Florence, Ambrose, by his efforts and charity toward some poor Greek bishops, greatly helped to bring about a union of the two Churches, the decree for which, 6 July 1439, he was called on to draw up.

Dom Mabillon's Letters and Orations of St. Ambrose of Camaldoli was published at Florence, 1759.

He was active 1584-1610 in Florence.

His mind was entirely absorbed in the labors of his studio, and, with the exception of his journeys to Paris, one to Vienna, and a few short intervals of absence in Florence and other parts of Italy, he never quit Rome.

John XXIII was acknowledged as pope by France, England, Bohemia, Prussia, Portugal, parts of the Holy Roman Empire, and numerous Northern Italian city states, including Florence and Venice ; however, the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII was regarded as pope by the Kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, and Scotland and Gregory XII was still favored by Ladislaus of Naples, Carlo I Malatesta, the princes of Bavaria, Louis III, Elector Palatine, and parts of Germany and Poland.

The first European Social Forum ( ESF ) was held in November 2002 in Florence.

Charles was born in Florence, Tuscany, where his father was then Grand Duke.

In 1777, boric acid was recognized in the hot springs ( soffioni ) near Florence, Italy, and became known as sal sedativum, with mainly medical uses.

Bartolomeo Ammannati ( 18 June 1511 – 13 April 1592 ) was an Italian architect and sculptor, born at Settignano, near Florence.

He was also named Console of the prestigious Accademia delle Arti del Disegno of Florence, founded by the Duke Cosimo I, at 13 January 1563, under the influence of Vasari.

He was then in the England team which made it to the semi-finals of the 1968 European Championships where they were knocked out by Yugoslavia in Florence.

The family later separated into two branches: Buonaparte-Sarzana, Nobili di Sarzana had been compelled to leave Florence due to the defeat of the Ghibellines and later when Francesco Buonaparte came to Corsica in 16th century and the island was in Genoese possession.

# Joseph Bonaparte ( Corte 1768 – Florence 1844 ), King of Naples and Spain, married Julie Clary, sister of Napoleon's childhood sweetheart, Désirée, who was to become the wife of General Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, the later Charles XIV of Sweden.

That same year Beaux was asked to produce a self-portrait for the Medici collection in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.

In June 1376 Catherine went to Avignon herself as ambassador of Florence to make peace with the Papal States, but was unsuccessful.

After the East-West Schism, conventionally dated to 1054, a brief reunification was agreed to between the Pope and a number of Eastern Orthodox bishops at the Council of Florence.

He brought his parents with him to Ottawa, and also quickly established his own family, marrying Florence Delson, who also had Lithuanian Jewish roots.

This, together with improved communications, led to official efforts to standardise the national language, and a number of language academies were established ( e. g. 1582 Accademia della Crusca in Florence, 1617 Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft in Weimar, 1635 Académie française in Paris, 1713 Real Academia Española in Madrid ).

The first American University for service personnel was established in June 1945 at the School of Aeronautics in Florence, Italy.

Cosimo de Medici in Florence established his own collection, which formed the basis of the Laurentian Library.

Renaissance painters traditionally began an apprenticeship with an established master at about the age of 12 ; Masaccio would likely have had to move to Florence to receive his training, but he was not documented in the city until he joined the painters guild ( the Arte de ' Medici e Speziali ) as an independent master on January 7, 1422, signing as " Masus S. Johannis Simonis pictor populi S. Nicholae de Florentia.

Working with two Irish brothers with theatrical experience, William and Frank Fay, Yeats's unpaid yet independently wealthy secretary Annie Horniman, and the leading West End actress Florence Farr, the group established the Irish National Theatre Society.

In 1657, Leopoldo de ' Medici, the Grand Duke ’ s youngest brother, established the Accademia del Cimento, organized to attract scientists to Florence from all over Tuscany for mutual study.

The landscape designers Florence Yoch and Louise Council, and Lockwood DeForest Jr., among others, were already well established there.

Raphael was at the time twenty-five and an established artist in Florence, with a number of wealthy patrons, yet he was ambitious, and keen to make an entry into the patronage of the papacy.

Lauderdale County was established in 1818, a year before Alabama became a state, Florence, the county seat of Lauderdale County, was also established in 1818.

The name was bestowed by pioneer Mrs. Florence Cuddy when the community was established in 1925.

His normalization of relations with France helped stabilize his rule for several years but by 1799 he was compelled to flee to Vienna for protection when republicans established a new government in Florence.

In 1884, Sophia established the first school for the education of nurses after a visit to London, where she was inspired by Florence Nightingale.

Christopher Columbus was one of the early settlers, but later many of the merchant families established commercial interests on the island, including: João d ' Esmenaut from the Picardy region, the Lomelino from Genoa, the Mondragão from Biscay, the Acciauoli from Florence, the Bettencourts from France, the Lemilhana Berenguer from Valencia and many others.

He introduced to a wider public the notion of iatrogenic disease which had been scientifically established a century earlier by British nurse Florence Nightingale ( 1820 – 1910 ).

Apart from his regular network of relations with his neighbours, as well as the Pope and Kingdom of Naples, he established regular contacts with France, Burgundy, Switzerland, Florence, most German states, Russia and, occasionally, with Persia and Egypt.

The city of Florence was established in 59 B. C.

Soon after absorbing Etruria, Rome established the cities of Lucca, Pisa, Siena, and Florence, endowed the area with new technologies and development, and ensured peace.

His fame became established in the next year, with two works, Modern Amoretti and The Plague in Florence.

The Schumann Center for Media and Democracy ( formerly The Florence and John J. Schumann Jr. Foundation ) was established in 1961, by Florence Ford and John J. Schumann Jr.

The University of Florence evolved from the Studium Generale, which was established by the Florentine Republic in 1321.

The Pope also established that the first Italian faculty of Theology would be in Florence.