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Fluidic triodes were used as the final stage in the main Public Address system at the 1964 New York World's Fair.
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Fluidics, or Fluidic logic, is the use of a fluid to perform analog or digital operations similar to those performed with electronics.
Fluidic amplifier, showing flow in both states.
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Fluidic components appear in some hydraulic and pneumatic systems, including some automotive automatic transmissions.
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triodes and were
The first true vacuum triodes in production were the Pliotrons developed by Irving Langmuir at the General Electric research laboratory ( Schenectady, New York ) in 1915.
These two types were the first true hard vacuum tubes ; early diodes and triodes performed as such despite a rather high residual gas pressure.
When triodes were first used in radio transmitters and receivers, it was found that tuned amplification stages had a tendency to oscillate unless their gain was very limited.
During the 1920s, several inventors attempted devices that were intended to control the current in solid state diodes and convert them into triodes.
ENIAC used ten-position ring counters to store digits ; each digit used 36 vacuum tubes, 10 of which were the dual triodes making up the flip-flops of the ring counter.
Popular low power tubes were dual triodes ( ECCnn, 12Ax7 series ) plus the EF86 pentode, and power valves were mostly being beam tetrode and pentodes ( EL84, EL34, KT88 / 6550, 6L6 ), in both cases with indirect heating.
These effects can be overcome by the addition of a screen grid, however in the later years of the tube era, constructional techniques were developed that rendered this ' parasitic capacitance ' so low that triodes operating in the upper VHF bands became possible.
At the time Philips had already developed and patented power pentode designs, which were fast replacing power triodes due to their greater efficiency.
Pentodes ( termed " triple-grid amplifiers " in some early literature ) are closely related to beam tetrodes, and an improvement over conventional tetrodes, which were themselves a development of triodes.
triodes and used
In a power amplifier this not only wastes power and limits battery operation, it may place restrictions on the output devices that can be used ( for example: ruling out some audio triodes if modern low-efficiency loudspeakers are to be used ), and will increase costs.
He invented this receiver as a means of overcoming the deficiencies of early vacuum tube triodes used as high-frequency amplifiers in radio direction finding equipment.
Large water-cooled triodes may be used as the final amplifier in radio transmitters, with ratings of thousands of watts.
Devices with three elements are triodes used for amplification and switching.
Multiple classifications may apply to a device ; for example similar dual triodes can be used for audio preamplification and as flip-flops in computers, although linearity is important in the former case and long life in the latter.
Power tetrodes are commonly used in radio transmitting equipment, because the need for neutralization is less than with triodes ( see Radio transmitter design and Valve amplifier for more details ).
Typically, one or more dual triodes are used in the preamplifier section in order to provide sufficient voltage gain to offset losses by tone controls and to drive the power amplifier section.
The DM160, DM70 / DM71 and Russian iv-15 can like a VFD panel be used as triodes.
The designer of the famous Williamson amplifier, one of the first true high-fidelity designs, suggested use of the 6SN7 since it was similar to the British triodes that he used in his circuit.
The design used triodes as phase inverters and drivers.
triodes and stage
Armstrong employed a pair of triodes as his mixer stage.
triodes and at
However, at that time, no practical " short wave " ( defined then as any frequency above 500 kHz ) amplifier existed, due to the limitations of existing triodes.
To monitor a frequency of 1500 kHz for example, he could set up an oscillator at, for example, 1560 kHz, which would produce a heterodyne difference frequency of 60 kHz, a frequency that could then be more conveniently amplified by the triodes of the day.
It was only the loophole concerning vacuum that allowed amplifying triodes to be manufactured at all, since none of the original patents by De Forest specifically mentioned the use of a vacuum as part of the tube.
triodes and .
Compactrons are a type of thermionic valve, or vacuum tube, which contain arrangements of diodes, triodes, or pentodes in multiple combination arrays, as well as high or low-voltage and power types.
Using this technique, a small number of triodes could be made to do the work that formerly required dozens of triodes.
This 1920s device had 3 triodes in a single glass envelope together with all the fixed capacitors and resistors required to make a complete radio receiver.
A typical example, the 6AG11, contained two triodes and two diodes.
Beam power tubes can be connected as triodes for improved audio tonal quality but in triode mode deliver significantly reduced power output.
This helps to suppress unwanted oscillation, and to reduce an undesirable effect in triodes called the " Miller effect ", where the gain of the tube causes a feedback effect which increases the apparent capacitance of the tube's grid, limiting the tube's high-frequency gain.
He always referred to the vacuum triodes developed by other researchers as " Oscillaudions ", although there is no evidence that he had any significant input to their development.
One of the major weakness of De Forest's claims is that true vacuum triodes simply will not work if there is any trace of gas left in the envelope.
The later vacuum triodes allowed the signal to be amplified to any desired level, typically by feeding the amplified output of from triode into the grid of the next, eventually providing more than enough power to drive a full-sized speaker.
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