For instance, a local society in the middle of a large city may have regular meetings with speakers, focusing less on observing the night sky if the membership is less able to observe due to factors such as light pollution.

For coyotes, the prairie dogs move to the entrance of a burrow and stand outside the entrance, observing the coyote, while those prairie dogs that were inside the burrows will come out to stand and watch also.

For example, when observing a series of black-white-light fringes drawn with a specific spatial frequency, the image quality may decay.

For example, observing a model excelling in piano playing may encourage an observer to excel in playing the saxophone.

For example, the majority of his subjects reported seeing a cord connecting the physical body and its observing counterpart ; whereas Green found that less than 4 % of her subjects noticed anything of this sort, and some 80 % reported feeling they were a " disembodied consciousness ", with no external body at all.

For example, we might identify each particle by continually observing their trajectories, or by placing a marking on each one, e. g., drawing a different number on each one as is done with lottery balls.

For Draize eye testing, the test involves observing the effects of the substance at intervals and grading any damage or irritation, but the test should be halted and the animal killed if it shows " continuing signs of severe pain or distress ".

For example, the harshest critic was scientist Georg Christoph Lichtenberg said that Pathognomy, discovering the character by observing the behaviour, was more effective.

For observing meteor shower-related radio signals, the shower's radiant must be above the ( propagation mid path ) horizon.

For this reason, it is the melting point which is usually identified, using melting point apparatus ; even when the subject of a paper is " freezing-point determination ", the actual methodology is " the principle of observing the disappearance rather than the formation of ice ".

For example, after observing and interviewing users, the usability expert may identify needed functionality or design flaws that were not anticipated.

For most people, this is likely to be the best observing conditions within their reach.

For example, in educational psychology, researchers could conduct a qualitative pilot study to determine which group of students should be selected for quantitative study by observing or interviewing different groups of students.

For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or " lesions " to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.

For example, by observing workers, he decided that labor should include rest breaks so that the worker has time to recover from fatigue, either physical ( as in shoveling or lifting ) or mental ( as in the ball inspection case ).

For visual observing, most notably on equatorial telescope mounts, tube orientation can put the eyepiece in a very poor viewing position, and larger telescopes require ladders or support structures to access it.

For experiential learning to be truly effective, it should employ the whole learning wheel, from goal setting, to experimenting and observing, to reviewing, and finally action planning.

For instance, by habituating someone to one stimulus, and then observing responses to similar ones, one can detect the smallest degree of difference that is detectable.

For example, Larson and Chamlee say, on September 21, 1864, John Surratt wrote to Louis J. Weichmann, observing that the family's plans to move into the city were advancing rapidly " on account of certain events having turned up "— perhaps a cryptic reference to either his Confederate activities in general or the conspiracy to kidnap or kill Lincoln.

For more than fifty years he spent all his free time observing the heavens, principally concerning himself with binary stars.

For this reason, we consider it a more correct approach to design the film-music relationship as that of two autonomous elements observing each other.

For example observing a tissue sample prepared with a fluorescent DNA stain by fluorescent microscopy only reveals the organisation of the DNA within the cells and reveals nothing else about the cell morphologies.

For an 8 m unit Very Large Telescope telescope, according to the FORS exposure time calculator you need 40 hours of observing time to reach V = 28, while the 2. 4 m Hubble only takes 4 hours according to the ACS exposure time calculator.

For thousands of years Vorlons have been observing and manipulating younger races, creating the telepaths of various species for example, including Humanity, who, for the most part, were initially created as weapons for the Vorlon's Wars with The Shadows.

For the near term, however, it must be realized that the industrial and commercial market is somewhat more sensitive to general business conditions than is the military market, and for this reason I would expect that any gain in 1961 may be somewhat smaller than those of recent years ; ;

For Euclid ’ s method to succeed, the starting lengths must satisfy two requirements: ( i ) the lengths must not be 0, AND ( ii ) the subtraction must be “ proper ”, a test must guarantee that the smaller of the two numbers is subtracted from the larger ( alternately, the two can be equal so their subtraction yields 0 ).

For example, the open interval ( 0, 1 ) does not have a least element: if x is in ( 0, 1 ), then so is x / 2, and x / 2 is always strictly smaller than x.

For the first time, armored cars or limousines were put into service for safer transport, with modern versions virtually invulnerable to small arms fire, smaller bombs and mines.

For instance, in hydrogenation operations, large planes of metal surface function as sites of hydrogenolysis catalysis while sites catalyzing hydrogenation of unsaturates are smaller.

For example, periods of high oxygen concentrations determined from ice core samples have been associated with fauna of a larger scale in the fossil record, while periods of low oxygen concentrations have been associated with fauna of a smaller scale in the fossil record.

For CRTs, the viewable size is typically smaller than the tube itself.

For example, if a diagonal line with a width smaller than a full pixel must be rendered, then this can be done by lighting only the subpixels that the line actually touches.

For the west of the country, the major airport is Billund ( 2. 7m passengers in 2011 ) although both Aalborg ( 1. 4m passengers in 2011 ) and Aarhus ( 591. 000 passengers in 2011 ) have smaller airports with regular connections to Copenhagen.

For bassists with smaller hands, the large spaces between pitches may present a significant challenge, especially in the lowest range, where the spaces between notes are largest.

For example, if u < sub > 1 </ sub > is an eigenvector of A, with a real eigenvalue smaller than one, then the straight lines given by the points along α u < sub > 1 </ sub >, with α ∈ R, is an invariant curve of the map.

For example, when electromagnetic radiation is absorbed by matter, particle-like properties will be more obvious when the average number of photons in the cube of the relevant wavelength is much smaller than 1.

For spherical bodies, when the occulting object is smaller than the star, the length ( L ) of the umbra's cone-shaped shadow is given by:

For polynomials of degree four and smaller there are explicit formulae for the roots ( the formulae are elementary functions ).

For example, Ireland currently has 4 licenced operators with their own networks despite a smaller and sparser population than France's making improved coverage less economically rewarding.

The red dot overtakes two green dots when moving from the left to the right of the figure. New waves seem to emerge at the back of a wave group, grow in amplitude until they are at the center of the group, and vanish at the wave group front. For surface gravity waves, the water particle velocities are much smaller than the phase velocity, in most cases.

For much of its history, the Empire consisted of hundreds of smaller sub-units, principalities, duchies, counties, Free Imperial Cities and other domains.

: For smaller units of time, see Measurement of hours below.

For example, at Cannae, the Romans deployed 80, 000 men, and generally could put tens of thousands more into smaller combat actions ).

For smaller prey up to the size of a goat, their loosely articulated jaws, flexible skull, and expandable stomach allow it to swallow its prey whole.

For the cooler stars, dwarfs such as red dwarfs, orange dwarfs, and yellow dwarfs are indeed much smaller and dimmer than other stars of those colors.

For example, white dwarfs are a different kind of star that is much smaller than main-sequence stars — being roughly the size of the Earth.

For example, a road map may not show railroads, smaller waterways or other prominent non-road objects, and even if it does, it may show them less clearly ( e. g. dashed or dotted lines / outlines ) than the main roads.

For the same reason, larger nuclei ( more than about eight nucleons in diameter ) are less tightly bound per unit mass than are smaller nuclei ; breaking a large nucleus into two or more intermediate-sized nuclei, releases energy.

For point masses the gravitational energy decreases without limit as they approach zero separation, and it is convenient and conventional to take the potential energy as zero when they are an infinite distance apart, and then negative ( since it decreases from zero ) for smaller finite distances.