Formally organized vocational programs supported by federal funds allow high school students to gain experience in a field of work which is likely to lead to a full-time job on graduation.

Formally, a binary operation on a set S is called associative if it satisfies the associative law:

Formally, their designation is the letter Ž and the number.

Formally, a topological space X is called compact if each of its open covers has a finite subcover.

Formally, the set of all context-free languages is identical to the set of languages accepted by pushdown automata ( PDA ).

Formally, the derivative of the function f at a is the limit

More rigorously, the divergence of a vector field F at a point p is defined as the limit of the net flow of F across the smooth boundary of a three dimensional region V divided by the volume of V as V shrinks to p. Formally,

Formally, the base is known as Naval Support Facility Diego Garcia ( the US activity ) or Permanent Joint Operating Base ( PJOB ) Diego Garcia ( the UK's term ).

Formally, there is a clear distinction: " DFT " refers to a mathematical transformation or function, regardless of how it is computed, whereas " FFT " refers to a specific family of algorithms for computing DFTs.

Formally, oxidation state is the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100 % ionic.

Formally, a bifunctor is a functor whose domain is a product category.

Formally, a set S is called finite if there exists a bijection

Formally, the system is said to have memory.

Formally, an inner product space is a vector space V over the field together with an inner product, i. e., with a map

Formally, if M is a set, the identity function f on M is defined to be that function with domain and codomain M which satisfies

* Formally, when working over the reals, as here, this is accomplished by considering the limit as ε → 0 ; but the " infinitesimal " language generalizes directly to Lie groups over general rings.

Formally, a profinite group is a Hausdorff, compact, and totally disconnected topological group: that is, a topological group that is also a Stone space.

Formally, this sharing of dynamics is referred to as universality, and systems with precisely the same critical exponents are said to belong to the same universality class.

Formally, a frame is defined to be a lattice L in which finite meets distribute over arbitrary joins, i. e. every ( even infinite ) subset

Formally, Φ = kx − ωt is the phase.

Formally, type theory studies type systems.

Formally system networks correspond to type lattices in formal lattice theory, although they are occasionally erroneously mistaken for flowcharts or directed decision trees.

Formally, collective noun forms such as “ a group of people ” are represented by second-order variables, or by first-order variables standing for sets ( which are well-defined objects in mathematics and logic ).

Formally, the extension of a predicate in a first-order model is the set of tuples of values this predicate assign to true in the model.

Formally, the problem can be stated as follows: given a desired property, expressed as a temporal logic formula p, and a structure M with initial state s, decide if.

Über formal unentscheidbare Sätze der Principia Mathematica und verwandter Systeme I (" On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems I ") is a paper in mathematical logic by Kurt Gödel.

However, shortly after this positive result, Kurt Gödel published On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems ( 1931 ), showing that in any sufficiently strong axiomatic system there are true statements which cannot be proved in the system.

Formally, arbitrage transactions have negative skew – prices can get a small amount closer ( but often no closer than 0 ), while they can get very far apart.

Formally, they were part of the non-resident sections, but in fact constituted a separate division, largely autonomous in their activities.

Formally, the Congress serves two functions: to approve changes to the Party constitution regarding policy and to elect a Central Committee, about 300 strong.

Formally, one has an implication, not an equivalence, so the solution set may get larger.

Formally inaugurated in March 2004, the Global Leadership Foundation works to " promote good governance – democratic institutions, open markets, human rights and the rule of law – and to contribute to the prevention and resolution of conflict through mediation.

Formally given to bishop Philip of Senj, the permission to use the Glagolitic liturgy ( the Roman Rite conducted in Slavic language instead of Latin, not the Byzantine rite ), actually extended to all Croatian lands, mostly along the Adriatic coast.

Formally the Prince-Electors elected a King of the Romans, who was elected in Germany but became Holy Roman Emperor only when crowned by the Pope.

Formally neutral and reluctant to become involved with the great powers except as a last resort, Kuwait turned to the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain for naval protection of its tanker fleet after twenty-one ships were attacked in the gulf since late 1986.

Massiah: Formally Charged + Deliberate Elicitation.

*, see On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems for details on English translations.

Formally, these failed when they were rejected by the Church of England's General Synod in 1972 ; conversations and co-operation continued, however, leading in 2003 to the signing of a covenant between the two churches.

Formally introduced in September 1979, Initial samples were released in February 1980, with production chips available over the counter in November.

* Nuclear bunker buster: Formally known as the Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator ( RNEP ), this program aimed to modify an existing gravity bomb to penetrate into soil and rock in order to destroy underground targets.

Although originally controversial, the axiom of choice is now used without reservation by most mathematicians, and it is included in ZFC, the standard form of axiomatic set theory.

The debate is interesting enough, however, that it is considered of note when a theorem in ZFC ( ZF plus AC ) is logically equivalent ( with just the ZF axioms ) to the axiom of choice, and mathematicians look for results that require the axiom of choice to be false, though this type of deduction is less common than the type which requires the axiom of choice to be true.

As discussed above, in ZFC, the axiom of choice is able to provide " nonconstructive proofs " in which the existence of an object is proved although no explicit example is constructed.

ZFC, however, is still formalized in classical logic.

Assuming ZF is consistent, Kurt Gödel showed that the negation of the axiom of choice is not a theorem of ZF by constructing an inner model ( the constructible universe ) which satisfies ZFC and thus showing that ZFC is consistent.

When one attempts to solve problems in this class, it makes no difference whether ZF or ZFC is employed if the only question is the existence of a proof.

It is possible, however, that there is a shorter proof of a theorem from ZFC than from ZF.

For example, the generalized continuum hypothesis ( GCH ) is not only independent of ZF, but also independent of ZFC.

It is also consistent with ZF + DC that every set of reals is Lebesgue measurable ; however, this consistency result, due to Robert M. Solovay, cannot be proved in ZFC itself, but requires a mild large cardinal assumption ( the existence of an inaccessible cardinal ).

Basic theories, such as arithmetic, real analysis and complex analysis are often introduced non-axiomatically, but implicitly or explicitly there is generally an assumption that the axioms being used are the axioms of Zermelo – Fraenkel set theory with choice, abbreviated ZFC, or some very similar system of axiomatic set theory like Von Neumann – Bernays – Gödel set theory, a conservative extension of ZFC.