Formally the " head of state " can also personally be the " head of government " ( ex officio or by ad hoc cumulation such as an absolute monarch nominating himself ) but otherwise has formal precedence over the Head of Government and other ministers, whether he is their actual political superior ( absolute monarch, executive president ) or rather theoretical or ceremonial in character.

Formally, a cumulativity predicate CUM can be defined as follows, where capital X is a variable over sets, U is the universe of discourse, p is a mereological part structure on U, and is the mereological sum operation.

Formally, a quantization predicate QUA can be defined as follows, where is the universe of discourse, and is a variable over sets, and is a mereological part structure on with < math > < _p </ math > the mereological part-of relation.

Formally organized vocational programs supported by federal funds allow high school students to gain experience in a field of work which is likely to lead to a full-time job on graduation.

Formally, a binary operation on a set S is called associative if it satisfies the associative law:

Formally, their designation is the letter Ž and the number.

Formally, a topological space X is called compact if each of its open covers has a finite subcover.

Formally, the set of all context-free languages is identical to the set of languages accepted by pushdown automata ( PDA ).

Formally, the derivative of the function f at a is the limit

More rigorously, the divergence of a vector field F at a point p is defined as the limit of the net flow of F across the smooth boundary of a three dimensional region V divided by the volume of V as V shrinks to p. Formally,

Formally, the base is known as Naval Support Facility Diego Garcia ( the US activity ) or Permanent Joint Operating Base ( PJOB ) Diego Garcia ( the UK's term ).

Formally, there is a clear distinction: " DFT " refers to a mathematical transformation or function, regardless of how it is computed, whereas " FFT " refers to a specific family of algorithms for computing DFTs.

Formally, oxidation state is the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100 % ionic.

Formally, a bifunctor is a functor whose domain is a product category.

Formally, a set S is called finite if there exists a bijection

Formally, the system is said to have memory.

Formally, an inner product space is a vector space V over the field together with an inner product, i. e., with a map

Formally, if M is a set, the identity function f on M is defined to be that function with domain and codomain M which satisfies

* Formally, when working over the reals, as here, this is accomplished by considering the limit as ε → 0 ; but the " infinitesimal " language generalizes directly to Lie groups over general rings.

Formally, a profinite group is a Hausdorff, compact, and totally disconnected topological group: that is, a topological group that is also a Stone space.

Formally, this sharing of dynamics is referred to as universality, and systems with precisely the same critical exponents are said to belong to the same universality class.

Formally, a frame is defined to be a lattice L in which finite meets distribute over arbitrary joins, i. e. every ( even infinite ) subset

Formally, Φ = kx − ωt is the phase.

Formally, the sequence of partial sums of some infinite summation converges if for every fixed power of X the coefficient stabilizes: there is a point beyond which all further partial sums have the same coefficient.

Formally, its group of conformal transformations is infinite dimensional.

Formally, a frieze group is a class of infinite discrete symmetry groups for patterns on a strip ( infinitely wide rectangle ), hence a class of groups of isometries of the plane, or of a strip.

Formally, we define a bad field as a structure of the form ( K, T ), where K is an algebraically closed field and T is an infinite, proper, distinguished subgroup of K, such that ( K, T ) is of finite Morley rank in its full language.

Formally, assuming our intuition from the finite dimensional case carries over into the infinite dimensional setting, the measure should then be equal to

Formally, let S and T be finite sets and let F =

Formally, we start with a category C with finite products ( i. e. C has a terminal object 1 and any two objects of C have a product ).

Formally, an iterated function system is a finite set of contraction mappings on a complete metric space.

Formally, the game ( coalitional game ) consists of a finite set of players, called the grand coalition, and a characteristic function denotes the power set of .</ ref > from the set of all possible coalitions of players to a set of payments that satisfies.

Formally, a string is a finite sequence of symbols such as letters or digits.

Formally, a system is said to be observable if, for any possible sequence of state and control vectors, the current state can be determined in finite time using only the outputs ( this definition is slanted towards the state space representation ).

Formally, given a finite set X, a collection C of subsets of X, all of size n, has Property B if we can partition X into two disjoint subsets Y and Z such that every set in C meets both Y and Z.

Formally, a deterministic finite automaton may be defined by the tuple where is the set of states of the automaton, is the set of input symbols, is the transition function that takes a state and an input symbol to a new state, is the initial state of the automaton, and is the set of accepting or final states of the automaton.

Formally, Scarf considers the following general game with a finite number of agents.

Formally, a finite game in extensive form is a structure

Formally, a Markov partition is used to provide a finite cover for the smooth system ; each set of the cover is associated with a single symbol, and the sequences of symbols result as a trajectory of the system moves from one of the covering sets to another.

Formally, the upper density of a graph G is the infimum of the values α such that the finite subgraphs of G with density α have a bounded number of vertices.

Formally this approximation is founded on the variational principle, valid for Hamiltonians that are bounded from below.

Formally, it is a norm defined on the space of bounded linear operators between two given normed vector spaces.

Formally, A is reflexive if it is equal to the algebra of bounded operators which leave invariant each subspace left invariant by every operator in A.

Formally, a partially ordered set ( P, ≤) is bounded complete if the following holds for any subset S of P:

Formally, the bounded Borel functional calculus of a self adjoint operator T on Hilbert space H is a mapping defined on the space of bounded complex-valued Borel functions f on the real line,