Former Bletchley Park mathematician-cryptologist Gordon Welchman has written: " Ultra would never have gotten off the ground if we had not learned from the Poles, in the nick of time, the details both of the German military Enigma machine, and of the operating procedures that were in use.

Former Bletchley Park mathematician-cryptologist Gordon Welchman has written: " Ultra high-grade signals intelligence would never have gotten off the ground if we had not learned from the Poles, in the nick of time, the details both of the German military ... Enigma machine, and of the operating procedures that were in use.

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