Negri & Hardt are also heavily indebted to Michel Foucault's analysis of biopolitics and Gilles Deleuze's philosophy.

Michel Foucault's book The Order of Things examined the history of science to study how structures of epistemology, or episteme, shaped the way in which people imagined knowledge and knowing ( though Foucault would later explicitly deny affiliation with the structuralist movement ).

Trilogy can be credited with popularizing the genre of conspiracy fiction, a field later mined by authors like Umberto Eco ( Foucault's Pendulum ) and Dan Brown ( Angels and Demons, The Da Vinci Code, The Lost Symbol ), comic book writers like Alan Moore ( V for Vendetta, Watchmen ), Dave Sim ( Cerebus ) and Grant Morrison ( The Invisibles ), and screenwriters like Chris Carter ( The X-Files ) and Damon Lindelof ( Lost ).

In 1940, Foucault's mother took him from his previous school and enrolled him in the Collège Saint-Stanislas, a strict Roman Catholic institution run by the Jesuits ; here, he remained lonely, with few friends.

Much of this thesis consisted of Foucault's discussion of textual dating – an " archaeology of the Kantian text " – although he rounded off the work with an evocation of Nietzche, who had become his biggest philosophical influence.

This coincided with Foucault's turn to the study of disciplinary institutions, with a book, Surveiller et Punir ( Discipline and Punish ), which " narrates " the micro-power structures that developed in Western societies since the 18th century, with a special focus on prisons and schools.

In the philosopher's later years, interpreters of Foucault's work attempted to engage with the problems presented by the fact that the late Foucault seemed in tension with the philosopher's earlier work.

Published in 1969, this volume was Foucault's main excursion into methodology, written as an outcome of discussions with the French Circle of Epistemology.

Both were published in 1984, the year of Foucault's death, with the second volume being translated in 1985, and the third in 1986.

In the northwest corner of the cathedral grounds is Copernicus ' tower, and in the southwest corner an octagonal building with a square bell tower and a small planetarium and a Foucault's pendulum.

* " Foucault's Pendulum " by Jens-Peer Kuska with Jeff Bryant, Wolfram Demonstrations Project: a computer model of the pendulum allowing manipulation of pendulum frequency, Earth rotation frequency, latitude, and time.

Similarly in the mid-20th century, Foucault's influential book, Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason, also known as History of Madness, focused on Pinel, along with Tuke, as the driving force behind a shift from physical to mental oppression.

* In the twentieth century, Umberto Eco's Foucault's Pendulum, has several references to a homunculus, particularly detailed in a chapter dealing with druidic rites performed at a party in the country estate ( castle ) of a wealthy Rosicrucian.

The novel Foucault's Pendulum by Umberto Eco deals greatly with this establishment, as the Foucault pendulum hung in the museum plays a great role in the storyline.

At one point, he falls in love with a female satyr-like creature who recounts to him the full Gnostic creation myth ; Gnosticism is a pervasive presence in another of Eco's novels, Foucault's Pendulum.

He also co-edited with François Ewald volume 4 of Dits et Ecrits of Michel Foucault ( 1994 ), a posthumous collection of Foucault's thought.

The notion of governmentality ( not to confuse with governance ) gained attention in the English-speaking academic world mainly through the edited book The Foucault Effect ( 1991 ), which contained a series of essays on the notion of governmentality, together with a translation of Foucault's 1978 short text on " gouvernementalité ".

When Lancelot presented Foucault's drawings in 1724 to the Academie Royal des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres in Paris, they attracted the attention of Montfaucon, who subsequently tracked down the textile in the drawings with help from Benedictine colleagues in Normandy.

This view of truth as a political stake may be loosely associated with Heidegger or with Michel Foucault's specific analysis of historical and political discourse, as well as with some social constructivists.

In fact, it was not coined by uniting words " gouvernement " and " mentalité ", but simply by making gouvernement into gouvernementalité just like musical into musicalité government +-al-adjective +-ité abstract noun ( see " Course Context " in Foucault's " Security " lectures ).

In Foucault own words this very aspect of Foucault's own work is still a work in progress, and is not a finalised research.

Butler reads such a statement as romanticism on Foucault's part, claiming that Foucault's proclamation of a blissful identity " prior " to cultural inscription contradicts his work in The History of Sexuality, in which he posits that the idea of a " real " or " true " or " originary " sexual identity is an illusion, in other words that " sex " is not the solution to the repressive system of power but part of that system itself.

He refined Foucault's methods in 1926 using improved rotating mirrors to measure the time it took light to make a round trip from Mt.

More recently, scholars have borrowed from European philosophers of " technique " to extend the meaning of technology to various forms of instrumental reason, as in Foucault's work on technologies of the self (" techniques de soi ").

The École Normale Supérieure's doctor examined Foucault's state of mind, suggesting that his suicidal tendencies emerged from the distress surrounding his homosexuality, which at the time was legal but socially taboo in France.

The work most notably came under attack from a young philosopher who had been a student on Foucault's psychology course at the École Normale Supérieure, Jacques Derrida ( 1930 – 2004 ).

Foucault's secondary thesis involved a translation of, and commentary on, the German philosopher Immanuel Kant's 1798 work Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View ( Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht ).

On 29 June, Foucault's la levée du corps ceremony was held, in which the coffin was carried from the morgue.

Notes of some of Foucault's lectures from University of California, Berkeley in 1983 have also appeared as Fearless Speech.

Foucault's knife edge test determines the shape of a mirror by finding the focal lengths of its areas, commonly called zones and measured from the mirror center.

The Count has inspired a number of fictional creations, from the mystic in the Alexander Pushkin story " The Queen of Spades ", to Umberto Eco's Foucault's Pendulum.

The main plot of the novel Foucault's Pendulum by Umberto Eco revolves around search for the Ombilicus Mundi ( Latin: The Navel of the World ), the mystic Center of The Earth which is supposed to be a certain point from where a person could control the energies and shapes of the earth thus reforming it at will.

Volume I explores Foucault's ideas regarding the " repressive hypothesis ", the idea that western society suppressed sexuality from the 17th to the mid-20th century ; he argues that this hypothesis is an illusion, and that in actuality, discourse on sexuality proliferated during this period.

Daniel Defert met Foucault while he was a philosophy student at the University of Clermont-Ferrand in France and their relationship lasted from 1963 until Foucault's death in 1984.

It was Foucault's death from AIDS, a disease about which little was known at the time, that led Defert to enter the field of AIDS activism.

The concept of governmentality segues from Foucault's ethical, political and historical thoughts from the late 1970s to the early 1980s.

However, the Nazi mysticism of a communitarian " Blood community " conception radically differs from Heidegger or Foucault's criticism of the notion of the individual or collective subject.

Where a substantial transfer of techniques and technologies were transferred from the sovereign individual ( the monarch ) to a new modified apparatus known as the Disciplinary institutions, of the 18th century and its scientific representatives Carceral archipelago, Discipline and Punish ( all in the space of 80 years Foucault's notices ) which culminated into a new version known as nation states.

She suggests finally that Foucault's surprising deviation from his ideas on repression in the introduction might be a sort of " confessional moment ," or vindication of Foucault's own homosexuality of which he rarely spoke and on which he permitted himself only once to be interviewed.

The Bicêtre is referenced in The Birth of the Asylum from Foucault's Madness and Civilization.

Foucault's first major book, written while he was the director of the Maison de France in Sweden, it is an examination of the cultural, legal, political philosophical and medical construction of madness in Europe, from the Middle Ages to the end of the eighteenth century, and a critique of the idea of history and historical method.