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Page "Knowledge representation and reasoning" ¶ 69
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Frame and are
Frame S ' has an arbitrary but fixed rotation with respect to frame S. They are both inertial frames provided a body not subject to forces appears to move in a straight line.
Frame structures are well-suited for the representation of schematic knowledge and stereotypical cognitive patterns.
Many of the positions in the preceding study are supported by a 2002 study by Jim A. Kuypers: Press Bias and Politics: How the Media Frame Controversial Issues.
In many respects, LSPs are not different from permanent virtual circuits ( PVCs ) in ATM or Frame Relay networks, except that they are not dependent on a particular layer-2 technology.
MPLS LSPs provide dynamic, transparent virtual networks with support for traffic engineering, the ability to transport layer-3 ( IP ) VPNs with overlapping address spaces, and support for layer-2 pseudowires using Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge ( PWE3 ) that are capable of transporting a variety of transport payloads ( IPv4, IPv6, ATM, Frame Relay, etc .).
Many customers are likely to migrate from Frame Relay to MPLS over IP or Ethernet within the next two years, which in many cases will reduce costs and improve manageability and performance of their wide area networks.
Examples are Frame relay and ATM.
Protocols including Packet over SONET / SDH, MPLS, ATM and Frame relay are often used by service providers to deliver the links that are used in WANs.
X. 25 was an important early WAN protocol, and is often considered to be the " grandfather " of Frame Relay as many of the underlying protocols and functions of X. 25 are still in use today ( with upgrades ) by Frame Relay.
For the 1753 revision, the best are by L. W. Tancock ( Penguin, 1949 — though he divides the 2-part novel into a number of chapters ), Donald M. Frame ( Signet, 1961 — which notes differences between the 1731 and 1753 editions ), Angela Scholar ( Oxford, 2004, with extensive notes and commentary ), and Andrew Brown ( Hesperus, 2004, with a foreword by Germaine Greer ).
X. 25 packets contain several fields used for error checking and flow control, most of which are not used by Frame Relay.
These Frame Relay extensions are referred to as the Local Management Interface ( LMI ).
Datalink connection identifiers ( DLCIs ) are numbers that refer to paths through the Frame Relay network.
DLCI values become DTE addresses that are unique in the Frame Relay WAN.
Frame Relay connections are often given a committed information rate ( CIR ) and an allowance of burstable bandwidth known as the extended information rate ( EIR ).
Frames that are sent in excess of the CIR are marked as discard eligible ( DE ) which means they can be dropped should congestion occur within the Frame Relay network.
Some connectionless protocols are Ethernet, IP, and UDP ; connection oriented packet-switching protocols include X. 25, Frame relay, Multiprotocol Label Switching ( MPLS ), and TCP.
For example, Ethernet and Frame Relay are common.

Frame and same
At the same time, MPLS attempts to preserve the traffic engineering and out-of-band control that made Frame Relay and ATM attractive for deploying large-scale networks.
All used the Excelan EXOS / 201 Ethernet card, the same graphics hardware ( GF2 Frame Buffer, UC4 Update Controller, DC4 Display Controller, BP3 Bitplane ).
UT1 is the same everywhere on Earth, and is proportional to the rotation angle of the Earth with respect to distant quasars, specifically, the International Celestial Reference Frame ( ICRF ), neglecting some small adjustments.
* Type I, initially printed by Archer & Daly, Bank Note Engravers, Richmond, Virginia, employs the same engraving as theFrame Line ” issue but without the frame lines.
Using the same Integrated Body Frame structure, the new Discovery has altered front and rear light units and a restyled front grille and bumper to adopt the same smoother, rounder style as also adapted for the 2010 Range Rover and Range Rover Sport.
Some reviewers, especially those in the British press such as Rachelle Thackray of The Independent and Linda Grant of The Guardian, consider the character of Eve Framethe antisemitic wife who destroys Ira — to be a barely disguised riposte at Roth's ex-wife, Claire Bloom, for her unflattering memoirs, which portrayed Roth as unable to bottle his vanity and incapable of living in the same household with Bloom's daughter, Anna Steiger.
Three prototypes were developed ( Red Frame, with an OS designed to allow Naturals to fight at the same level as Coordinators ; Blue Frame, with an OS designed to allow for modules to be grafted onto the mobile suit to extend its capabilities ; and Gold Frame, equipped with power interfaces for both Earth Alliance and Orb beam weapons ), and the data from the three prototypes was then used to create Orb's mass-production mobile suit, the MBF-M1 Astray.
Yui had also contributed a composition (" Frame ") for the same album of Tanaka's and wrote " Milk " for Rina Sakamoto.

Frame and sense
The restoration of Barony A Frame, part of the former Barony Colliery, and the opening of Dumfries House to the public, as well as a local community initiative ( Auchinleck Community Development Initiative ) is slowly bringing a sense of pride back to this devastated village.
In Frame Analysis, he writes, " What is important is the sense he provides them through his dealing with them of what sort of person he is behind the role he is in " ( p. 298 ).

Frame and semantic
Frame semantics has much in common with the semantic principle of profiling from Ronald W. Langacker's Cognitive Grammar.

Frame and networks
The primary benefit is to eliminate dependence on a particular OSI model data link layer technology, such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode ( ATM ), Frame Relay, Synchronous Optical Networking ( SONET ) or Ethernet, and eliminate the need for multiple layer-2 networks to satisfy different types of traffic.
AT & T is currently ( as of June 2007 ) the largest Frame Relay service provider in the United States, with local networks in 22 states, plus national and international networks.
Network providers commonly implement Frame Relay for voice ( VoFR ) and data as an encapsulation technique, used between local area networks ( LANs ) over a wide area network ( WAN ).
The designers of Frame Relay aimed to provide a telecommunication service for cost-efficient data transmission for intermittent traffic between local area networks ( LANs ) and between end-points in a wide area network ( WAN ).
Frame Relay often serves to connect local area networks ( LANs ) with major backbones as well as on public wide-area networks ( WANs ) and also in private network environments with leased lines over T-1 lines.
As a result, the offered load has largely determined the performance of Frame Relay networks.
X. 25 provides quality of service and error-free delivery, whereas, Frame Relay was designed to relay data as quickly as possible over low error networks.
Frame Relay networks can dynamically allocate bandwidth at both the physical and logical channel level.
As of June 2007 AT & T was the largest Frame Relay service provider in the USA, with local networks in 22 states, plus national and international networks.
Beginning in the early 1990s in North America, use of X. 25 networks ( predominated by Telenet and Tymnet ) began being replaced with Frame Relay service offered by national telephone companies.
Frame Relay was used to interconnect LANs or LAN segments, mainly in the 1990s by large companies that had a requirement to handle heavy telecommunications traffic across wide area networks.
Many companies did not intend to cross over to Frame Relay packet switching because it is more cost effective to use X. 25 on slower networks.
DR's can also be elected on NBMA ( Non-Broadcast Multi-Access ) networks such as Frame Relay or ATM.
In many non-IP-based networks, for example X. 25, Frame Relay and ATM, the connection oriented communication is implemented at network layer or data link layer rather than the transport layer.
With the extension of digital services in the 1980s leased lines were used to connect customer premises to Frame Relay or ATM networks.
Frame Relay networks use DLCIs to statistically multiplex frames.
The B-STDX and CBX / GX lines were the workhorses of most RBOC Frame Relay and ATM networks throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.

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