The Battle of Bouvines, which took place on 27 July 1214, was a medieval battle ending the twelve year old Angevin-Flanders War that was fundamental in the early development of France in the Middle Ages by confirming the French crown's sovereignty over the Angevin lands of Brittany and Normandy.

With an increasingly centralized monarchy, the first standing army since Roman times, and the use of artillery, France expelled the English from its territory and came out of the Middle Ages as the most powerful nation in Europe, only to lose that status to Spain following defeat in the Italian Wars.

In the Middle Ages, Guillaume Tirel Taillevent, a court chef, wrote Le Viandier, one of the earliest recipe collections of Medieval France.

Numerous Polish Jews emigrated to France, Germany and America, founding Jewish communities in places where they had been expelled from during the Middle Ages.

There are records of handball-like games in medieval France, and among the Inuit in Greenland, in the Middle Ages.

France was a very decentralised state during the Middle Ages.

France in the Later Middle Ages 1200 – 1500, ( 2003 ) excerpt and text search

* History of France, from Middle Ages to XIXe century ( in French )

The hammered dulcimer was extensively used during the Middle Ages in England, France, Italy, Germany, Holland and Spain.

In contrast to the Northern Italian language, southern Italian dialects and languages were largely untouched by the Franco-Occitan influences introduced to Italy, mainly by bards from France, during the Middle Ages but, after the Norman conquest of southern Italy, Sicily became the first Italian land to adopt Occitan lyric moods ( and words ) in poetry.

Between the 1870s and the beginning of World War I in 1914, the United Kingdom, France, and the Netherlands — the established colonial powers in Asia — added to their empires vast expanses of territory in the Middle East, the Indian Subcontinent, and South East Asia.

Germany attempted to ' persuade ' France to cede territory in the Middle Congo in return for giving France a free hand in Morocco.

After the Vichy forces in the Middle East surrendered in July 1941, volunteers from the Troupes Spéciales du Levant enlisted in the Free French forces and participated in combat in Italy, North Africa, and southern France.

In 1924 he published one of his most famous works Les rois thaumaturges: étude sur le caractère surnaturel attribué à la puissance royale particulièrement en France et en Angleterre ( translated in English as The magic-working kings or The royal touch: sacred monarchy and scrofula in England and France ) in which he collected, described and studied the documents pertaining to the ancient tradition that the kings of the Middle Ages were able to cure the disease of scrofula simply by touching people suffering from it.

* Seborga, a town in the region of Liguria, Italy, near the southern end of the border with France, which traces its history back to the Middle Ages.

During the late Middle Ages it was an independent commune with considerable importance owing to its location on the old Via Francigena, the main road between France and Rome, but increasingly Montalcino came under the sway of the larger and more aggressive city of Siena.

In the Middle Ages, calfskin and split sheepskin were the most common materials for making parchment in England and France, while goatskin was more common in Italy.

One interesting result Eysenck noted in his 1956 work was that in the United States and Great Britain, most of the political variance was subsumed by the left / right axis, while in France, the T-axis was larger, and in the Middle East, the only dimension to be found was the T-axis: " Among mid-Eastern Arabs it has been found that while the tough-minded / tender-minded dimension is still clearly expressed in the relationships observed between different attitudes, there is nothing that corresponds to the radical-conservative continuum.

During the Middle Ages, there were two Grand Officers of the Kingdom of France with police responsibilities: The Marshal of France and the Constable of France.

Philip also banished from France the papal agents who were raising funds for a new crusade in the Middle East.

* Merovingian Archaeology at the Museum of the Dark Ages ( France ).

* During the great Ice Ages, all of Great Britain was a peninsula, extending north west from the mainland of Europe / France.

19th century France | French drawing of a Middle Ages | medieval belfry.

( 1993 ) France in the Middle Ages 987 – 1460: from Hugh Capet to Joan of Arc.

The Conquest brought the kingdom into closer contact with France and forged ties between France and England that lasted throughout the Middle Ages.

With Hugh's coronation, a new era began for France, and his descendants came to be named the Capetians, with the Capetian dynasty ruling France for more than 800 years ( 987 – 1848, with some interruptions ).

* 36 Kings of France ( 987 – 1792, 1814 – 1815, 1815 – 1848 )

The Capetian Kings of France: Monarchy & Nation ( 987 – 1328 ).

* Hallam, Elizabeth M. Capetian France 987 – 1328.

The medieval Kingdom of France emerged out of the western part of Charlemagne's Carolingian Empire, known as West Francia, and achieved increasing prominence under the rule of the House of Capet, founded by Hugh Capet in 987.

The history of modern France starts with the election of Hugh Capet ( 940-996 ) by an assembly summoned in Reims in 987.

* 987 – Hugh Capet is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France till the French Revolution in 1792.

* 987 – Hugh Capet is elected King of France.

Capet became King of France, ending the Carolingian line of Kings in 987.

Turkey has a large and growing automotive industry, which produced 1, 024, 987 motor vehicles in 2006, ranking as the 7th largest automotive producer in Europe ; behind Germany ( 5, 819, 614 ), France ( 3, 174, 260 ), Spain ( 2, 770, 435 ), the United Kingdom ( 1, 648, 388 ), Russia ( 1, 508, 358 ) and Italy ( 1, 211, 594 ), respectively.

From the time of Hugh Capet to Charles X ( 987 – 1830 ), the senior Capets were also the Kings of France.

In this title, " duke " implied supreme military control of the entire nation ( Francorum, the Franks ) and it was thus used until the end of the Carolingian dynasty in France in 987.

The direct Capetians, or the House of Capet, ruled France from 987 to 1328 ; thereafter, the Kingdom was ruled by cadet branches of the dynasty.

( 1993 ) France in the Middle Ages 987 – 1460: from Hugh Capet to Joan of Arc.

His eldest son was Hugh Capet who became King of France in 987.

This rule was adopted to solve the dispute over the legitimate successor of Charles IV of France ( Edward III of England or Philip VI of France, though the former would have a stronger claim should proximity of blood be considered, which had never been the case in France since 987, instead as well of both Agnatic-cognatic primogeniture or Male-preference cognatic primogeniture and the resulting heirs ).

After the partition of the Frankish empire by the Treaties of Verdun ( 843 ) and of Meerssen ( 870 ), Tournai remained in the western part of the empire, which in 987 became France.

Her son, Hugh Capet, was crowned King of France in 987.

After 987, the kingdom came to be known as France, because the new ruling dynasty ( the Capetians ) were originally dukes of the Île-de-France.