* Austin Simmons, The Cipherment of the Franks Casket An apocryphal tradition reflected in the Vindicta Salvatoris ( see Old English literature ) very likely influenced the art carved into the back of the Franks Casket ; this article argues that the Descensus ad Infernos is alluded to on the casket's ill-understood right side.

The Franks and the Anglo-Saxons were unique among the Germanic peoples in that they entered the empire as pagans and converted to Nicene ( Catholic ) Christianity directly, guided by their kings, Clovis and Æthelberht of Kent.

King Theodoric of the Ostrogoths sent an army, led by his sword-bearer Theudis, against Gesalec, ostensibly on behalf of Amalaric ; Gesalec fled to Africa, and the Ostrogoths drove back the Franks and their Burgundian allies, regaining possession of " the south of Novempopulana, Rodez, probably even Albi, and even Toulose ".

Agathias expresses his hope that the Alemanni would assume better manners through prolonged contact with the Franks, which is by all appearances, in a manner of speaking, what eventually happened.

His chief work is a Historia Francorum, or Libri v de Gestis Francorum, which deals with the history of the Franks from the earliest times to 653, and was continued by other writers until the middle of the twelfth century.

The earliest documented event in Alaric's reign concerned providing refuge to Syagrius, the former ruler of the Domain of Soissons ( in what is now north western France ) who had been defeated by Clovis I King of the Franks.

Often dismissed as an unreliable tradition, it has been studied with attention by modern scholars, in particular Neil Christie, who see in it a possible record of a formal invitation by the Byzantine state to settle in northern Italy as foederati, to help protect the region against the Franks, an arrangement that may have been disowned by Justin II after Narses ' removal.

On Arnulf's death in 899, he was succeeded as a king of the East Franks by his son by his wife Ota ( died 903 ), Louis the Child.

Further ravage was brought by the same Vandals in 409, the Visigoths in 414 and the Franks in 498, beginning a period of obscurity for the city.

The History of the Franks, by Gregory of Tours.

Modern variants of the Batavian founding myth are made more credible by pointing out that the Batavians were only part of the ancestry of the Dutch people, together with the Frisians, Franks and Saxons, and by tracing patterns of DNA.

Franks, was followed by an immense bequest of 3, 300 finger rings, 153 drinking vessels, 512 pieces of continental porcelain, 1, 500 netsuke, 850 inro, over 30, 000 bookplates and miscellaneous items of jewellery and plate, among them the Oxus Treasure.

Blythe House in West Kensington is used by the Museum for off-site storage of small and medium-sized artefacts, and Franks House in East London is used for storage and work on the " Early Prehistory "-Palaeolithic and Mesolithic-and some other collections.

This was followed by the Lex Burgundionum, applying separate codes for Germans and for Romans ; the Pactus Alamannorum ; and the Salic Law of the Franks, all written soon after 500.

He spread among the Franks a Celtic monastic rule and Celtic penitential practices for those repenting of sins, which emphasized private confession to a priest, followed by penances levied by the priest in reparation for the sin.

In addition to these, there is a history of the Franks written in the late sixth century by Gregory of Tours which mentions events in Kent.

Other cultural influences may be seen in the burials as well, so it is not necessary to presume that there was direct settlement by the Franks in Kent.

After the decline of the Roman Empire, a Germanic tribe known as the Franks took control of Gaul by defeating competing tribes.

Franconia is named after the Franks, a Germanic tribe who conquered most of Western Europe by the middle of the 8th century.

The original ethnic Franks ceased to be called by others and themselves Franks, whereas certain groups of people who were not Franks but were mostly ruled by Frankish nobility now began to use it as a term to describe their respective land and people.

On the other hand, the Franks didn ´ t mix with the Basques, keeping separate paths.

No larger settlements, however, have been found to have existed in this remote rural area, located at least 15 km from the nearest road even in Roman times, up to the early medieval period when the place is mentioned as a king's mansion for the first time, not long before Charlemagne became ruler of the Germanic Franks.

In the year of his coronation as King of Franks, 768, Charlemagne came to spend Christmas at Aachen for the first time.

However, Wolfram points out that at the time " Clovis got no farther than the Seine ; only after several more years did the Franks succeed in occupying the rest of the Gallo-Roman buffer state north of the Loire.

It may also be based on Alfred's later having accompanied his father on a pilgrimage to Rome where he spent some time at the court of Charles the Bald, King of the Franks, around 854 – 855.

After Charlemagne's columns arrived at the gates of Zaragoza, Sulayman got cold feet and refused to let the Franks into the city.

Charles Martel () ( 23 August 686 – 22 October 741 ), also known as Charles the Hammer, was a Frankish military and political leader, who served as Mayor of the Palace under the Merovingian kings and ruled de facto during an interregnum ( 737 – 43 ) at the end of his life, using the title Duke and Prince of the Franks.

The Muslims were not aware, at that time, of the true strength of the Franks, or the fact that they were building a disciplined army instead of the typical barbarian hordes that had dominated Europe after Rome's fall.

The Arab Chronicles, the history of that age, show that Arab awareness of the Franks as a growing military power came only after the Battle of Tours when the Caliph expressed shock at his army's catastrophic defeat.

The Visigoths under Alaric I sacked Rome in 410, defeated Attila at the Battle of the Catalunian Plains in 451, and founded a Kingdom in Aquitaine which was pushed to Hispania by the Franks in 507, converted to Catholicism by the late sixth century, and in the early eighth century conquered by the Muslim Moors.

The language was in decline by the mid-6th century, due in part to the military defeat of the Goths at the hands of the Franks, the elimination of the Goths in Italy, and geographic isolation ( in Spain the Gothic language lost its last and probably already declining function as a church language when the Visigoths converted to Catholicism in 589 ).

The advance into Western Europe was only stopped in what is now north-central France by the West Germanic Franks under Charles Martel at the Battle of Tours in 732.

Germanic tribes, the Franks and the Alamanni, entered Gaul at this time.

In 486, Clovis I, leader of the Salian Franks, defeated Syagrius at Soissons and subsequently united most of northern and central Gaul under his rule.

Robert II crowned his son — Hugh Magnus — as King of the Franks at age 10 to secure the succession, but Hugh Magnus rebelled against his father and died fighting him in 1025.

19th century depiction of Julian being proclaimed Emperor in Paris at the Thermes de Cluny, standing on a shield in the Franks | Frankish manner, in February 360.

It has been estimated by scholars such as Joshua Prawer and Meron Benvenisti that there were at most 120, 000 Franks and 100, 000 Muslims living in the cities, with another 250, 000 Muslim and Eastern Christian peasants in the countryside.

Under Charles Martel's leadership, the Franks defeated the Moors at the Battle of Tours in 732, limiting the expansion of Islam onto the European continent.

Merovingian law was not universal law equally applicable to all ; it was applied to each man according to his origin: Ripuarian Franks were subject to their own Lex Ripuaria, codified at a late date ( Beyerle and Buchner 1954 ), while the so-called Lex Salica ( Salic Law ) of the Salian clans, first tentatively codified in 511 ( Rouche 1987 p 423 ) was invoked under medieval exigencies as late as the Valois era.

At the end of the 11th century, the Franks, as they were called at the time, started to penetrate the Iberian Peninsula through the Ways of St. James via Somport and Roncesvalles, settling on various spots of the Kingdoms of Navarre and Aragon enticed by the privileges granted them by the Navarrese kings.

Perceiving that the Lombard threat would continue to fester and they would take imperial territory in Italy a piece at a time, in around 721 Gregory appealed to the Franks, asking Charles Martel to intervene and drive out the Lombards.

He encouraged the deposition of the last Merovingian king of the Franks, Childeric III, and it was with his sanction that Boniface crowned Pepin the Short as King of the Franks at Soissons in 752.

" The war that had lasted so many years was at length ended by their acceding to the terms offered by the King ; which were renunciation of their national religious customs and the worship of devils, acceptance of the sacraments of the Christian faith and religion, and union with the Franks to form one people.

After Carloman's resignation in 747 he maintained a sometimes turbulent relationship with the king of the Franks, Pepin ; the claim that he would have crowned Pepin at Soissons in 751 is now generally discredited.

Notable types of Early medieval spears include the Angon, a throwing spear with a long head similar to the Roman pilum, used by the Franks and Anglo-Saxons and the winged ( or lugged ) spear, which had two prominent wings at the base of the spearhead, either to prevent the spear penetrating too far into an enemy or to aid in spear fencing.