Meanwhile, in Italy, the Pope had used Frederick's excommunication as an excuse to invade his Italian territories ; the papal armies were led by Frederick's former father-in-law John of Brienne.

In 1760 during the Seven Years ' War, Liegnitz was the site of the Battle of Liegnitz when Frederick's army defeated an Austrian army led by Laudon.

Frederick's further attempts to rule over the Kingdom of Jerusalem were met by resistance on the part of the barons, led by John of Ibelin, Lord of Beirut.

Frederick's " victory " led to great significance being placed on " geometric strategy " which emphasized lines of manoeuvre, awareness of terrain and possession of critical strongpoints.

Frederick's brother, Leopold of Austria, led a large army consisting of a number of knights to crush the rebellious confederates, planning a surprise attack from south via Lake Aegeri and the Morgarten pass and counting on a complete victory over the rebellious peasants.

In 1760 he sustained a severe reverse at Frederick's hands in the Battle of Liegnitz ( August 15, 1760 ), which action led to bitter controversy with Daun and Lacy, the commanders of the main army, who, Laudon claimed, had left his corps unsupported.

In 1992, continued financial difficulties led to the final closure of all Frederick's locations.

The question of a change of the constitution of the colony to the form known as responsible government having come forward, it became Sir Frederick's duty to act as intermediary between the Legislative Council and the Secretary of State.

Frederick's acceptance of the crown in November 1619 thus marked the beginning of turmoil which would develop into the Thirty Years ' War.

Frederick's personal motto was the mysterious string A. E. I. O. U., which he imprinted on all his belongings.

The Great Interregnum, a period in which there were several elected rival kings non of whom was able to achieve any position of authority, followed the death of Frederick's son King Conrad IV of Germany in 1254.

This secession of one-third of the Society, which consisted mostly of the flower of young manhood and young womanhood who did not want to maintain the custom of celibacy, broke Frederick's heart.

The turmoil relaxed only with Frederick's death in December 1250, which removed the proximate threat to Innocent's life and permitted his triumphant return to Italy.

In 1218 the burgraviate passed to Frederick's younger son Conrad I, he thereby became the ancestor of the Franconian Hohenzollern branch, which acquired the Electorate of Brandenburg in 1415.

He began besieging Ancona in 1167, which had acknowledged the authority of Manuel I ; at the same time, Frederick's forces achieved a great victory over the Romans at the Battle of Monte Porzio.

Frederick's uncle, Otto, bishop of Freising wrote a biography entitled The Deeds of Frederick Barbarosa, which is considered to be an accurate history of the king.

Mendelssohn became ( 1756 – 1759 ) the leading spirit of Friedrich Nicolai's important literary undertakings, the Bibliothek and the Literaturbriefe, and ran some risk ( which Frederick's good nature mitigated ) by criticizing the poems of the King of Prussia.

An uneasy peace was agreed, which included the provision that Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg would be Frederick's heir in all his dominions and the prior claims of others ( who included Christian's own mother-in-law, brother-in-law and wife ) were surrendered.

Frederick's pursuit was methodical, for the country was difficult and barren, and he did not know the extent to which the enemy was demoralised.

As Cranach wrote from his house to the grand-master Albert of Brandenburg at Königsberg to tell him of John Frederick's capture, he showed his attachment by saying, I cannot conceal from your Grace that we have been robbed of our dear prince, who from his youth upwards has been a true prince to us, but God will help him out of prison, for the Kaiser is bold enough to revive the Papacy, which God will certainly not allow.

Some historians have suggested that the stray bullet which killed his brother-in-law Charles XII of Sweden in 1718 was actually fired by Frederick's aide.

Frederick's harsh treatment of the mediatized princes within his domain made him one of the principal targets of the organization of dispossessed princes, which hoped to gain the support of the Powers in regaining their lost sovereignty.

This communiqué seems to have had in mind Ponç Hug as a recipient, for the count penned a response ( under the title con d ' Empuria ), A l ' onrat rei Frederic terz vai dir, in which he praised Frederick's tact and diplomacy, but told him bluntly that he would not abandon his sovereign.

This meeting, which included John George of Saxony and Maximilian of Bavaria, rejected Frederick's argument, finding that Bohemia was an indivisible part of the empire.

Tensions between Catholics and Protestants rose to a fever pitch which resulted in the Count's Feud ( Grevens Fejde ) upon Frederick's death.

Following Frederick's death, her role as mother of the heir-apparent to the throne became a more important one, and she was named prospective regent, which caused a political controversy.

Their plan called for the Allied army to march by Zeuchfeld, around Frederick's left, which no serious natural obstacle covered, and to deploy in battle array facing north, between Reichardtswerben on the right and Pettstädt on the left.

Frederick's most important domestic reform was the abolition in 1702 of the so-called vornedskab, a kind of serfdom which had fallen on the peasants of Zealand in the Late Middle Ages.

During Frederick's rule Copenhagen was struck by two disasters: the plague of 1711, and the great fire of October 1728, which destroyed most of the medieval capital.

He subsequently defeated a smaller Prussian army in 1757 at the Battle of Breslau before being completely routed by Frederick II of Prussia at the Battle of Leuthen, which is considered one of Frederick's most brilliant victories.

During his anticipated visit to Frederick's palace in Potsdam, Bach, who was well known for his skill at improvising, received from Frederick a long and complex musical theme on which to improvise a three-voice fugue.

Frederick's victory over Henry did not gain him as much in the German feudalistic system as it would have in English feudalistic system.

" At this point Frederick's parents felt the only hope for their son was to emigrate to America and start his life over.

These ideas also spilled over into domestic kitchen architecture because of a growing trend that called for a professionalization of household work, started in the mid-19th century by Catharine Beecher and amplified by Christine Frederick's publications in the 1910s.

Also, Frederick's father, Charles I of Hesse-Kassel, had been the state's most successful ruler, rebuilding the state over his decades-long rule by means of economic and infrastructure measures and state reform, as well as tolerance, such as attracting, for economic purposes, the French Huguenots.

Frederick's cause was boosted by an 27 April 1622 victory over Tilly's forces at the Battle of Wiesloch near Wiesloch, but this boost was short lived.

Henry Duff Traill took over the editorship after Dicey's departure, only to be replaced in 1891 by Frederick's wife, Rachel Beer, of the Sassoon family.

Frederick's family had high hopes that in the then-rising era of nationalism, this ancestry would be viewed with favour when the legal question over whose claim was strongest would be decided.

Started by Catharine Beecher in the middle of the 19th century and reinforced by Christine Frederick's publications in the 1910s, the growing trend that called for viewing household work as a true profession had the logical consequence that the industrial optimisation pioneered by Taylorism spilled over into the domestic area.

After the battle, Frederick's rule over Lombardy was decisively broken.

Frederick's rule over Tyrol and the scattered Habsburg territories in southwestern Germany and in the Alsace referred to collectively as Vorderösterreich ( i. e., Further Austria ) was formalized in 1402 through a partition of his father's inheritance.

He was made a member of the Order of the Dragon, but later became bitter with Emperor Sigismund from 1412 onwards when his brother Frederick IV, Duke of Further Austria ( ruler of Tirol ) was banned by the Emperor in 1417, Ernest first attempted to gain control over Frederick's territories himself, but then came to an agreement with him and successfully defended Tirol against the Emperor's pretensions.

When lured to a banquet and then confronted with Frederick's armed guards, John was forced to hand over the regency, and Cyprus, to Emperor Frederick's control.

In 1490, Sigismund was forced to abdicate and turn over all his territories to Frederick's son Maximilian I. Maximilian had married Mary of Burgundy in 1477 after the death of Charles the Bold in the Burgundy Wars and thus inherited the Burgundian territories: Duchy and County of Burgundy and the Netherlands.

The Sargood family lived at Rippon Lea until Frederick's death in 1903, and over the years extended the house on several occasions.