He taught French for a year at Eton, where Eric Blair ( later to become George Orwell ) and Stephen Runciman were among his pupils, but was remembered as an incompetent and hopeless teacher who couldn ’ t keep discipline.

French Enlightenment masterpieces such as Georges-Louis Leclerc, comte de Buffon ’ s Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière ( begun in 1749 ) and Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d ' Alembert ’ s Encyclopédie ( volumes added between 1751 and 1772 ) thus became Ampère ’ s schoolmasters.

The French Revolution ( 1787 – 99 ) that began during his youth was also influential: Ampère ’ s father was called into public service by the new revolutionary government, becoming a justice of the peace in a small town near Lyon.

) Ampère ’ s maturation corresponded with the transition to the Napoleonic regime in France, and the young father and teacher found new opportunities for success within the technocratic structures favoured by the new French emperor.

In September of 1820, Ampère ’ s friend and eventual eulogist François Arago showed the members of the French Academy of Sciences the surprising discovery of Danish physicist Hans Christian Ørsted that a magnetic needle is deflected by an adjacent electric current.

Ampère also applied this same principle to magnetism, showing the harmony between his law and French physicist Charles Augustin de Coulomb ’ s law of magnetic action.

* French: Souvenirs d ’ Apprentissage ( 1991 ) ISBN 3-7643-2500-3. Review in English by J. E. Cremona.

The military dangers in such an enterprise were numerous: Marlborough's lines of communication along the Rhine would be hopelessly exposed to French interference, for Louis ’ generals controlled the left bank of the river and its central reaches.

" Marlborough, spotting this error, now countermanded Cutts ’ intention to launch a third attack, and ordered him simply to contain the enemy within Blenheim ; no more than 5, 000 Allied soldiers were able to pen in twice the number of French infantry and dragoons.

The resilience of the French King, and the efforts of his generals, also added to Marlborough ’ s problems.

" With Marlborough ’ s departure north, the French now transferred troops from the Moselle valley to reinforce Villeroi in Flanders, while Villars marched off to the Rhine.

However, it seems that the Duke ’ s favoured scheme was to return to the Moselle valley ( where Marshal Marsin had recently taken command of French forces ) and once more attempt an advance into the heart of France.

Nevertheless, the Duke could think of no circumstances why the French would leave their strong positions and attack his army, even if Villeroi was first reinforced by substantial transfers from Marsin ’ s command.

The French moved first to Tirlemont, ( as if to threaten Zoutleeuw, abandoned by the French in October 1705 ), before turning southwards, heading for Jodoigne – this line of march took Villeroi ’ s army towards the narrow aperture of dry ground between the Mehaigne and Petite Gheete rivers close to the small villages of Ramillies and Taviers ; but neither commander quite appreciated how far his opponent had travelled.

On the French side of the stream the ground rises to Offus, the village which, together with Autre-Eglise farther north, anchored Villeroi ’ s left flank.

Moreover, this disposition – concave in relation to the Allied army – gave Marlborough the opportunity to form a more compact line, drawn up in a shorter front between the ‘ horns ’ of the French crescent ; when the Allied blow came it would be more concentrated and carry more weight.

Taviers was of particular importance to the Franco-Bavarian position: it protected the otherwise unsupported flank of General de Guiscard ’ s cavalry on the open plain, while at the same time, it allowed the French infantry to pose a threat to the flanks of the Dutch and Danish squadrons as they came forward into position.

As the French ranks wavered, the leading squadrons of Württemberg ’ s Danish horse – now unhampered by enemy fire from either village – were also sent into the attack and fell upon the exposed flank of the Franco-Swiss infantry and dragoons.

" De La Colonie managed to rally some of his grenadiers, together with the remnants of the French dragoons and Greder Suisse battalions, but it was an entirely peripheral operation, offering only fragile support for Villeroi ’ s right flank.

Therefore, unbeknown to the French who remained oblivious to the Allies ’ real strength and intentions on the opposite side of the Petite Gheete, Marlborough was throwing his full weight against Ramillies and the open plain to the south.

But these French horsemen were amongst the best in Louis XIV ’ s army – the Maison du Roi, supported by four elite squadrons of Bavarian Cuirassiers.

" Fortunately Marlborough ’ s newly appointed aide-de-camp, Richard Molesworth, galloped to the rescue, mounted the Duke on his horse and made good their escape, before Murray ’ s disciplined ranks threw back the pursuing French troopers.

Sweeping forwards, virtually without resistance, the 21 Danish squadrons reformed behind the French around the area of the Tomb of Ottomond, facing north across the plateau of Mont St André towards the exposed flank of Villeroi ’ s army.

Far to the south, the remnants of de la Colonie ’ s brigade headed in the opposite direction towards the French held fortress of Namur.

David G. Chandler ’ s Marlborough as Military Commander and A Guide to the Battlefields of Europe are consistent with regards to French casualty figures i. e., 12, 000 dead and wounded plus some 7, 000 taken prisoner.

Germany and its allies infected French cavalry horses and many of Russia ’ s mules and horses on the Eastern Front.

In December 1990, with Libyan assistance and no opposition from French troops stationed in Chad, Déby ’ s forces successfully marched on N ’ Djamena.

This is important because, despite all the efforts of the French government, an appreciable segment of France's export trade in wines is still tainted with a misrepresentation approaching downright dishonesty, and there are many too many negociants who would rather turn a sou than amass a creditable reputation overseas.

From the unexpected realism of his first major figure — inspired by his 1875 trip to Italy — to the unconventional memorials whose commissions he later sought, Rodin's reputation grew, such that he became the preeminent French sculptor of his time.

The reputation of the French army also suffered badly.

His medical reputation was based on his Tuta ac efficax luis venereae saepe absque mercurio ac semper absque salivatione mercuriali curando methodus ( 1684 ) which was translated into French, Dutch and German.

Military honours in Italy undoubtedly belonged to the French commander Marshal Catinat, but Eugene, the one Allied general determined on action and decisive results, did well to emerge from the Nine Years ' War with an enhanced reputation.

William had already acquired the reputation of being the main champion in Europe of the Protestant cause against Catholicism and French absolutism ; in the developing English crisis he saw an opportunity to prevent an Anglo-French alliance and bring England to the anti-French side, by carrying out a military intervention directed against James.

The second, Charmes ( from the Latin carmina, meaning " songs " and also " incantations "), further confirmed his reputation as a major French poet.

As a cardinal, Ghislieri gained a reputation for putting orthodoxy before personalities, prosecuting eight French bishops for heresy.

Philip IV was the force behind this ruthless move, but it has also tarnished the historical reputation of Clement V. From the very day of Clement V's coronation, the king falsely charged the Templars with heresy, immorality and abuses, and the scruples of the Pope were compromised by a growing sense that the burgeoning French State might not wait for the Church, but would proceed independently.

The French names of pears grown in English medieval gardens suggest that their reputation, at the least, was French ; a favored variety in the accounts was named for Saint Rule or Regul ', Bishop of Senlis.

In his early career in the Church Julius established a reputation as an effective and trustworthy diplomat, and was elected to the Papacy as a compromise candidate when the Papal Conclave found itself deadlocked between the rival French and German factions.

By that time, the Samoans had gained a reputation of being savage and warlike, as violent altercations had occurred between natives and French, British, German and American forces, who, by the late nineteenth century, valued Samoa as a refueling station for coal-fired shipping and whaling.

* Odette Swann from Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time is a courtesan of the French Belle Epoque, she gains a notorious reputation from cavorting with Aristocrats, artists, Bourgeois, and both sexes.

Philip IV was the force behind this ruthless move, but it has also tarnished the historical reputation of Clement V. From the very day of Clement V's coronation, the king falsely charged the Templars with heresy, immorality and abuses, and the scruples of the Pope were compromised by a growing sense that the burgeoning French State might not wait for the Church, but would proceed independently.

Chirac quickly earned a reputation as a champion of French farmers ' interests, and first attracted international attention when he assailed U. S., West German, and European Commission agricultural policies which conflicted with French interests.

With the convocation of the Estates-General, as in many other instances during his reign, Louis placed his reputation and public image in the hands of those who were perhaps not as sensitive to the desires of the French public as he was.

* Church of Santa Giuliana, heir of a female monastery founded in 1253, which in its later years gained a reputation for dissoluteness, until the French turned it into a granary.

* Minahikosis ( Little Pine, French: ‘ Petit Pin ’, Chief of the Plains Cree, born about 1830 in the vicinity of Fort Pitt, Saskatchewan, his mother was a Blackfeet, became famous in the 1860s, as armed Plains Cree to find the last remaining bison, penetrated more and more into the territory of the Blackfoot Confederacy, led three years bitter resistance, signed however, in view of his starving people in 1879 the Treaty 6, and moved into a reserve at the foot of Blue Hill along the Battle River, his reputation was comparable to that of Mistahimaskwa ' (' Big Bear '))

He incorrectly believed that an i on the end of a name meant " like " in French ; but Houdini, his own career and reputation established by that time, later lost his youthful respect for Robert-Houdin, believing that he took undue credit for other magicians ' innovations, and wrote The Unmasking of Robert-Houdin in 1908.

Some scholars believe Louis XV's decisions damaged the power of France, weakened the treasury, discredited the absolute monarchy, and may have led to the French Revolution which broke out 15 years after his death Other scholars argue that this reputation is based on propaganda meant to justify the French Revolution, and, by dismissing the Parlement de Paris and reforming the tax code, Louis set France on a path of stability late in his reign.

Another author, Guy Chaussinand-Nogaret, writes that Louis XV's tarnished reputation was created fifteen years after his death, to justify the French Revolution, and that the nobility during his reign were competent.

Cajuns, along with other Cajun Country residents, have a reputation for a joie de vivre ( French for " joy of living "), in which hard work is appreciated as much as " passing a good time.