Ampère was born on 20 January 1775 to Jean-Jacques Ampère, a prosperous businessman, and Jeanne Antoinette Desutières-Sarcey Ampère during the height of the French Enlightenment.

His education was filled with the ideals of the French Enlightenment of the time, and he was fascinated by Pierre Macquer's dictionary of chemistry.

Candide, ou l ' Optimisme (; French: ) is a French satire first published in 1759 by Voltaire, a philosopher of the Age of Enlightenment.

The concept of representative democracy arose largely from ideas and institutions that developed during the European Middle Ages, the Age of Enlightenment, and the American and French Revolutions.

As can be seen in the texts, the French declaration is heavily influenced by the political philosophy of the Enlightenment, and by Enlightenment principles of human rights, some of which it shares with the U. S. Declaration of Independence which preceded it ( 4 July 1776 ).

The Encyclopédie represented the essence of the French Enlightenment.

French materialism is the name given to a handful of French 18th century philosophers during the Age of Enlightenment, many of them clustered around the salon of Baron d ' Holbach.

* A History of Philosophy: Volume VI: Modern Philosophy: From the French Enlightenment to Kant.

Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire helped fuel this resentment by denigrating the Catholic Church and destabilizing the French monarchy.

In the 18th century, writers of the Enlightenment wrote about feudalism to denigrate the antiquated system of the Ancien Régime, or French monarchy.

Enlightenment authors generally mocked and ridiculed anything from the " Dark Ages " including feudalism, projecting its negative characteristics on the current French monarchy as a means of political gain.

German artists and intellectuals, heavily influenced by the French Revolution and by the great German poet and writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ( 1749 – 1832 ), turned to Romanticism after a period of Enlightenment.

The French Enlightenment writer Voltaire remarked sardonically: " This agglomeration which was called and which still calls itself the Holy Roman Empire was neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire.

The true forerunner of human rights discourse was the concept of natural rights which appeared as part of the medieval Natural law tradition that became prominent during the Enlightenment with such philosophers as John Locke, Francis Hutcheson, and Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui, and featured prominently in the political discourse of the American Revolution and the French Revolution.

The " Philosophes " were eighteenth century French intellectuals who dominated the French Enlightenment and were influential across Europe.

The leader of the French Enlightenment and a writer of enormous influence across Europe, was Voltaire ( 1694 – 1778 ).

The Republic of Letters: A Cultural History of the French Enlightenment ( 1994 ) 338 pp online edition

* Kaiser, Thomas E. " This Strange Offspring of Philosophie: Recent Historiographical Problems in Relating the Enlightenment to the French Revolution.

French Women and the Age of Enlightenment.

Several of his works, along with many other Byzantine physicians, were translated into Latin, and eventually, during the Enlightenment and Age of Reason, into English and French.

French philosophers Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari made reference to Lovecraft in A Thousand Plateaus and called the short story " Through the Gates of the Silver Key " one of his masterpieces.

During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum, to display the nation's masterpieces.

In Europe, Art Cinema gains wider distribution and sees movements like la Nouvelle Vague ( The French New Wave ) featuring French filmmakers such as Roger Vadim, François Truffaut, Alain Resnais, and Jean-Luc Godard ; Cinéma Vérité documentary movement in Canada, France and the United States ; Swedish filmmaker Ingmar Bergman, Chilean filmmaker Alexandro Jodorowsky and Polish filmmakers Roman Polanski and Wojciech Jerzy Has produced original and offbeat masterpieces and the high-point of Italian filmmaking with Michelangelo Antonioni and Federico Fellini making some of their most known films during this period.

It is regarded by critics and film historians as one of the masterpieces of French cinema and among the greatest films ever made.

These 73 works include Impressionist, Post-Impressionist and French modern masterpieces, including important works by Paul Gauguin, Edouard Manet, Camille Pissarro, Vincent van Gogh and 32 works by Pablo Picasso.

In this way, he hoped to retain for young French artists the opportunity to see and copy the masterpieces of antiquity and the Renaissance.

The Benedictine abbey church of Ste-Marie-Madeleine ( or Basilica of St. Mary Magdalene ), with its complicated program of imagery in sculpted capitals and portals, is one of the outstanding masterpieces of Burgundian Romanesque art and architecture, though much of its exterior sculpture was defaced during the French Revolution.

The book was so consistent throughout, so full of ingenious ideas, and written in so striking a style, that it ranks as one of the masterpieces of the French language in the 19th century.

These works included masterpieces from the collections of French Jewish families like the Rothschilds, the David-Weills, and the Bernheims.

A show of Vincent van Gogh masterpieces from the artist's eponymous Amsterdam museum is the third most successful show, and a 1984 exhibition of French Impressionist works is fourth.

His short sketch of the Russian revolution is justly ranked among the masterpieces of the kind in French.

The new church was built in a French classicism style between 1769 – 76 and is one of the masterpieces of Reformed architecture in Switzerland.

The Wadsworth Atheneum is the oldest public art museum in the United States, with significant holdings of French and American Impressionist paintings, Hudson River School landscapes, modernist masterpieces and contemporary works, as well as extensive holdings in early American furniture and decorative arts.

The best-known piano sextet is probably Chausson's Concert, widely regarded as one of the masterpieces of the French chamber music literature ( for example, the critic Jean Gallois describes it as " superb ").

In addition to her operatic recitals, Norman has given regular recitals encompassing the classical German repertory as well as contemporary masterpieces, such as Schoenberg's Gurre-Lieder and the French moderns, which she invariably performed in the original tongue.

In 1803 Napoleon Bonaparte moved it to the Villa Medici, with the intention of perpetuating an institution once threatened by the French Revolution and, thus, of retaining for young French artists the opportunity to see and copy the masterpieces of the Antiquity or the Renaissance and send back to Paris their " envois de Rome ", the results of the inspiration they had gained in Rome.

The northern part of the famous Ile de la Jatte in the river Seine where French impressionist painters created many of their masterpieces, is part of the commune of Levallois-Perret.

Set in August 1944, the film sets French Resistance-member Labiche ( Lancaster ) against German Colonel von Waldheim ( Scofield ), who is attempting to ship stolen art masterpieces to Germany.

In 1944, art masterpieces stolen by the German Army from French museums are being shipped to Germany ; the officer in charge of the operation, Colonel Franz von Waldheim ( Paul Scofield ), is an ardent art lover and is determined to take the art to Germany, no matter the cost.

The riddle in L ' Énigme ( 1901 ) ( staged at Wyndham's Theatre, London, 1 March 1902, as Caesar's Wife ) is, however, worked out with great art, and Le Dédale ( 1903 ), dealing with the obstacles to the remarriage of a divorced woman, is reckoned among the masterpieces of the modern French stage.

Accident made him acquainted with masterpieces of French art displayed at the Berlin Academy, and these awakened his curiosity and envy.

Spending all his leisure in self-culture, he mastered German, French, and Spanish sufficiently to read the chief masterpieces in these languages.