From the 1040s onwards, however, successive popes had put forward a reforming message that emphasised the importance of the church being " governed more coherently and more hierarchically from the centre " and established " its own sphere of authority and jurisdiction, separate from and independent of that of the lay ruler ", in the words of historian Richard Huscroft.

From the 1040s onwards, however, successive popes had put forward a reforming message that emphasised the importance of the church being " governed more coherently and more hierarchically from the centre " and established " its own sphere of authority and jurisdiction, separate from and independent of that of the lay ruler ", in the words of historian Richard Huscroft.

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