From 1985 to 1989, it was the 11th largest exporter of arms.

From the 11th century onwards, Latin translations of Islamic medical texts began to appear in the West, alongside the Salerno school of thought, and were soon incorporated into the curriculum at the universities of Naples and Montpellier.

From the 11th to 15th centuries, the sugar trade into Europe was an Arab monopoly, and its value was often compared with gold.

From the 6th century AD until 771, the area around modern-day Hastings, as the territory of the Haestingas tribe, considered itself to be a separate Kingdom from the surrounding Kingdoms of Suth Saxe (" South Saxons ", i. e. Sussex ) and Kent, and attempted to retain its separate cultural identity until the 11th century.

From the 14th to 11th centuries BC Assyria once more became a major power with the rise of the Middle Assyrian Empire which dominated the whole of Mesopotamia and much of the Near East and Anatolia.

* Biography of James Hutton ( From: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Ed., 1910-1911 )

From Stephen V through the 10th and 11th centuries, the historical notes are extremely abbreviated, usually with only the pope's origin and reign duration.

From 968 until the Protestant Reformation, Merseburg was the seat of the bishop of Merseburg, and in addition to being for a time the residence of the margraves of Meissen, it was a favorite residence of the German kings during the 10th, 11th and 12th centuries.

From the 6th century the title began to be used particularly of the Bishop of Rome, and in the late 11th century Pope Gregory VII issued a declaration that has been widely interpreted as stating this by then established Western convention.

From the early 6th century, it began to be confined in the West to the Bishop of Rome, a practice that was firmly in place by the 11th century, when Pope Gregory VII declared it reserved for the Bishop of Rome.

From the early 6th century, it began to be confined in the West to the Bishop of Rome, a practice that was firmly in place by the 11th century, when Pope Gregory VII declared it reserved for the Bishop of Rome.

From this humble beginning, the Soviets would go on to create the first operational-level armored formations in history, the 11th and 45th Mechanized Corps, in 1932.

From the 11th century onwards indulgences were granted: In 1064 Pope Alexander II allegedly promised the participants of an expedition against Barbastro ( Tagr al-Andalus, Aragon ) a collective indulgence 30 years before Pope Urban II called the First Crusade.

From around the 11th century it became a counterbalance to the blade allowing a more fluid style of fighting.

From the 11th to the 19th century, North African Barbary Pirates engaged in Razzias, raids on European coastal towns, to capture Christian slaves to sell at slave markets in places such as Algeria and Morocco.

From the 8th to the 11th century, the Vikings and Varangians traded as they sailed from and to Scandinavia.

From the 3rd century until the 11th century, the region was invaded numerous times in turn by different tribes: Goths, Huns, Avars, Bulgars, Slavs ( South, i. e. Bulgarian, and Eastern ), Magyars, Pechenegs, Cumans and Mongols.

From 800 on, a Saracen presence was intermittent, but Apulia remained under the Byzantine authority, despite the region being mainly inhabited by lombards until the 11th century, when the Normans conquered it with relative ease.

From the mid 14th century BC through to the 11th century BC, much of Canaan ( particularly the north, central and eastern regions of Syria and the north western Mediterranean coastal regions ) fell to the Middle Assyrian Empire, and both Egyptian and Hittite influence waned as a result.

From 9th to 11th Philosopher level, the student is expected to understand the mental, and spiritual, elements of the style, and should contribute back to the style by searching for weaknesses and suggesting improvements in teaching methods, techniques, and drills.

From the 11th century, reviving economic development allowed Pamplona to recover its urban life.

From around the 11th century in Europe they became a counterweight to the blade.

From the 6th to the 11th centuries, the area successively belonged to the kingdoms of Lazica and Abkhazia who built a dozen churches within the city boundaries.

From the 11th to the middle of the 15th century it was a part of the Georgian Kingdom.

From its beginnings in the early 19th century through the early 20th century, anthropology in the United States was influenced by the presence of Native American societies.

From the 19th century it once again became more and more popular.

From being a mere village in an agricultural district at the beginning of the 19th century, the place grew rapidly in population owing to the abundance of coal and iron ore, and the population of the whole parish, 1, 486 in 1801, increased tenfold during the first half of the 19th century.

From the 19th century and much of the late 20th century, " Boadicea " was the most common version of the name, which is probably derived from a mistranscription when a manuscript of Tacitus was copied in the Middle Ages.

From Palmyra there is a large collection of nearly forty funerary busts, acquired in the 19th century.

From the 19th century, up to the end of the 20th century, most of Central Asia has been part of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, both being Slavic majority countries.

* Eitner, Lorenz, An Outline of 19th Century European Painting: From David through Cézanne ( 1992 ), HarperCollins Publishers, ISBN 0-06-430223-7

From a local disease, cholera became one of the most widespread and deadly diseases of the 19th century, killing an estimated tens of millions of people.

From it came the master general who remained longest at the head of the administration during the 19th century, Père Vincent Jandel ( 1850 – 1872 ).

From the Renaissance to the 19th century in Western culture, epitaphs for notable people became increasingly lengthy and pompous descriptions of their family origins, career, virtues and immediate family, often in Latin.

From the 13th to the early 19th century Finland was a part of the Kingdom of Sweden.

From the 19th century, various types of fancy glass started to become significant branches of the decorative arts.

From the times of Isaac Vossius, several scholars adhered to this position, most notably the so-called " French school " during the 19th century, which included the famous chemist Marcellin Berthelot.

From the time beginning with the incorporation of the Portuguese Empire in 1580 ( lost in 1640 ) until the loss of its American colonies in the 19th century, Spain maintained the largest empire in the world even though it suffered fluctuating military and economic fortunes from the 1640s.

From the 15th to the 19th century, European contact with Mauritania was dominated by the trade for gum arabic.

From a local disease, cholera became one of the most widespread and deadly diseases of the 19th century, killing tens of millions of people.

From ancient Greece to the late 19th century, it was a central part of Western education, filling the need to train public speakers and writers to move audiences to action with arguments.

From the 17th through the 19th centuries, the merging of folk beliefs about group differences with scientific explanations of those differences produced what one scholar has called an " ideology of race ".

From the second half of the 19th century onward, as blacks, mestizas, and ex-soldiers of the War of Canudos in Rio de Janeiro came from various parts of Brazil ( mainly Bahia ) and settled in the vicinity of Morro da Conceição, Pedra do Sal, Praça Mauá, Praça Onze, Cidade Nova, Saúde, and Zona Portuária.

From the late 19th century there was a general consensus around the documentary hypothesis, which suggests that the five books were created c. 450 BCE by combining four originally independent sources, known as the Jahwist, or J ( about 900 BCE ), the Elohist, or E ( about 800 BCE ), the Deuteronomist, or D, ( about 600 BCE ), and the Priestly source, or P ( about 500 BCE ).

From the early 19th century onward, it also meant that a lame duck Congress or Presidential administration could fail to adequately respond to a significant national crises in a timely manner.

From official report of the parliamentary commission in the mid 19th century.