Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution ( EDGE ) ( also known as Enhanced GPRS ( EGPRS ), or IMT Single Carrier ( IMT-SC ), or Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution ) is a digital mobile phone technology that allows improved data transmission rates as a backward-compatible extension of GSM.

domestic: extensive fixed-line fiber-optic network ; cellular telephone system is one of the largest in Europe with three major network operators utilizing the third generation of the Global System for Mobile Communications ( GSM ).

Recent deregulation of the mobile phone market has led to the introduction of Global System for Mobile communication ( GSM ) network providers operating on the 900 / 1800 MHz spectrum, MTN Nigeria, Airtel, Globacom and Etisalat.

SMS as used on modern handsets originated from radio telegraphy in radio memo pagers using standardized phone protocols and later defined as part of the Global System for Mobile Communications ( GSM ) series of standards in 1985 as a means of sending messages of up to 160 characters, to and from GSM mobile handsets.

TDMA is used in the digital 2G cellular systems such as Global System for Mobile Communications ( GSM ), IS-136, Personal Digital Cellular ( PDC ) and iDEN, and in the Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications ( DECT ) standard for portable phones.

* Global System for Mobile Communications ( GSM ): The GSM network is divided into three major systems: the switching system, the base station system, and the operation and support system.

The technology used for domestic lines includes microwave radio relay, cable, and Global System for Mobile Communications ( GSM ).

Longer range communications have been proposed using infrastructure networks such as WiMAX ( IEEE 802. 16 ), Global System for Mobile Communications ( GSM ), or 3G.

Both Global System for Mobile Communications ( GSM ) and Code division multiple access ( CDMA ) mobile services are available.

The term " roaming " originates from the GSM ( Global System for Mobile Communications ) sphere ; the term " roaming " can also be applied to the CDMA technology.

# GSM ( Global System for Mobile Carriers ) is one of the various cellular technologies which include TDMA, CDMA, iDEN and others.

These are available in Code Division Multiple Access ( CDMA ), Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications – DECT ( TDMA / DCA ) ( See ETSI 6 EN 300 765-1 V1. 3. 1 ( 2001-04 ) -" Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications ( DECT ); Radio in the Local Loop ( RLL ) Access Profile ( RAP ); Part 1: Basic telephony services "), Global System for Mobile Communications ( GSM ), IS136 Time Division Multiple Access ( TDMA ) as well as analog access technologies such as Advanced Mobile Phone System ( AMPS ), for which there will be independent standards defining every aspect of modulation, protocols, error handling, etc.

* Global system for mobile communications ( GSM )

The initial scope of 3GPP was to make a globally applicable third-generation ( 3G ) mobile phone system specification based on evolved Global System for Mobile Communications ( GSM ) specifications within the scope of the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 project of the International Telecommunication Union ( ITU ).

* the Global System for Mobile Communications ( GSM ) including GSM evolved radio access technologies ( e. g. General Packet Radio Service ( GPRS ) and Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution ( EDGE ))

A3 Algorithm is used to encrypt Global System for Mobile Communications ( GSM ) cellular communications.

The E. 214, developed under European GSM ( Global System for Mobile Communications ) standards, is a comparable extended second-generation format used outside America.

Rogers Wireless is a wireless telecommunications provider offering mobile phone and data services throughout Canada using Global System for Mobile Communications ( GSM ) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System ( UMTS ) technology.

Circuit Switched Data ( CSD ) is the original form of data transmission developed for the time division multiple access ( TDMA )- based mobile phone systems like Global System for Mobile Communications ( GSM ).

AMPS and D-AMPS have now been phased out in favor of either CDMA2000 or GSM which allow for higher capacity data transfers for services such as WAP, Multimedia Messaging System ( MMS ), and wireless Internet access.

In GSM document " Services and Facilities to be provided in the GSM System ", both mobile-originated and mobile-terminated short messages appear on the table of GSM teleservices.

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System ( UMTS ) is a third generation mobile cellular system for networks based on the GSM standard.

* Mobile Terminal, part of a Mobile Station in the GSM System architecture

Telenor Mobil established GSM coverage in 1995, and in 2004 the Svalbard Undersea Cable System opened, providing fiber optic cable connection to the mainland.

SMS, for instance, supports message lengths of 160 characters at most ( using the GSM 03. 38 character set ).

Wave files can also contain data encoded with a variety of ( lossy ) codecs to reduce the file size ( for example the GSM or MP3 formats ).

As part of the introduction of mobile phone competition in Australia, the Australian government mandated GSM as the new standard for mobile networks, and required that Telstra close the AMPS network by 2000.

While this was OK for Europe, it meant that GSM could not cover large, sparsely populated rural areas of Australia cost effectively.

* GSM coverage was for a long time limited to the capital area.

Unlike the GSM protocol, the DECT network specifications do not define cross-linkages between the operation of the entities ( for example, Mobility Management and Call Control ).

EDGE / EGPRS is implemented as a bolt-on enhancement for 2. 5G GSM / GPRS networks, making it easier for existing GSM carriers to upgrade to it.

Today EDGE is supported by all major chip vendors for both GSM and WCDMA / HSPA.

# REDIRECT Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution

France currently has 4 mobile networks, Orange, SFR, Bouygues Télécom and Free all of which are licensed for GSM and UMTS.

The GSM standard was developed as a replacement for first generation ( 1G ) analog cellular networks, and originally described a digital, circuit switched network optimized for full duplex voice telephony.

This was expanded over time to include data communications, first by circuit switched transport, then packet data transport via GPRS ( General Packet Radio Services ) and EDGE ( Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution or EGPRS ).

In 1986 the European Commission proposed reserving the 900 MHz spectrum band for GSM.

Mobile networks are diverse and include GSM 850 MHz ( largest ) as well as CDMA ( Bell South's old network before being acquired by Telefónica Spain which rebranded Movistar ), TDMA63.

* Latvia Mobile Telephone ( GSM )

Mobile communication in Slovakia became first available in the early 90's with the first NMT network operator being EuroTel Bratislava, a. s., a subsidiary of the then state owned Slovenské Telekomunikácie a. s. EuroTel introduced the first GSM service to public in 1997.

* Mobile Operators ( largest first ): AIS GSM 900, AIS GSM 1800, DTAC, True Move, Hutch ( taken over by RealMove a subsidiary of True Corp .), CAT CDMA, Thai Mobile 1900 ( inactive ), TOT3G ( i-mobile3GX, IEC3G, i-kool3G, 365 )

UMTS combines three different air interfaces, GSM's Mobile Application Part ( MAP ) core, and the GSM family of speech codecs.

With Mobile Application Part, UMTS uses the same core network standard as GSM / EDGE.

In 2G ( such as GSM or CDMA ), the terminal adapter is a theoretically optional while in 3G ( such as W-CDMA ), the terminal adapter is mandatory and is part of the Mobile Termination.

* Unlicensed Mobile Access, a technology that provides roaming between GSM and 802. 11, based on the 3GPP or Generic Access Network ( GAN ) standard

* Mobile Office Workstations using GSM Links

An International Mobile Subscriber Identity or IMSI () is a unique identification associated with all GSM, UMTS and LTE network SIM cards.

* Mobile station, in GSM system architecture is a station which can freely relocate without any restrictions