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Gamow later claimed that his first two attempts to defect with his wife were in 1932, and involved trying to kayak: first a planned 250-kilometer paddle over the Black Sea to Turkey, and another attempt from Murmansk to Norway.
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Gamow and later
Gamow did not learn fluent English until his college years and later.
At the University, Gamow made friends with three other students of theoretical physics, Lev Landau, Dmitri Ivanenko, and Matvey Bronshtein ( who was later arrested in 1937 and executed in 1938 by the Soviet regime ).
Some years later, the name Gamow factor or Gamow-Sommerfeld Factor was applied to the probability of incoming nuclear particles tunneling through the electrostatic Coulomb barrier and undergoing nuclear reactions.
In 1956, Gamow became one of the founding members of the Physical Science Study Committee ( PSSC ), which later reformed teaching of high school physics in the post-Sputnik years.
Gamow later married Barbara Perkins ( an editor for one of his publishers ) in 1958.
The Gamow factor was used in the decade that followed by Atkinson and Houtermans and later by Gamow himself and Edward Teller to derive the rate at which nuclear reactions would proceed at the high temperatures believed to exist in stellar interiors.
This led the three to all start questioning the Big Bang theory originally proposed by Georges Lemaître in 1931 and later pioneered by George Gamow, which suggested that the universe expanded from an extremely dense and hot state and continues to expand today.
Although his name appears on the paper, Hans Bethe had no durect part in the development of the theory, although he later worked on related topics ; Gamow added his name to make the seminal paper's title a pun on " Alpha-Beta-Gamma ", the first three letters of the Greek alphabet.
Gamow and first
Gamow solved a model potential for the nucleus and derived, from first principles, a relationship between the half-life of the decay, and the energy of the emission, which had been previously discovered empirically, and was known as the Geiger – Nuttall law.
This instrument was first proposed in 1932 by George Gamow and Lev Mysovskii and was installed and running by 1937.
Under the guidance and direct participation of Igor Kurchatov, Lev Mysovskii and George Gamow, Europe's first cyclotron was designed.
Gamow solved a model potential for the nucleus and derived from first principles a relationship between the half-life of the alpha-decay event process and the energy of the emission, which had been previously discovered empirically, and was known as the Geiger-Nuttall law.
Gamow had the name of Hans Bethe listed on the article as " H. Bethe, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York " to make a pun on the first three letters of the Greek alphabet, alpha, beta and gamma.
In 2010 the first volume of a proposed ten-issue comic book series, The Adventures of Mr. Tompkins, was created by Igor Gamow, George Gamow's son, and illustrator Scorpio Steele.
* George Gamow, Mr Tompkins in Wonderland, first published in 1940
* George Gamow, Mr Tompkins explores the atom, first published in 1944
Khlopin, under the guidance and direct participation of Igor Kurchatov, Lev Mysovskii and George Gamow, installed the Europe's first cyclotron particle accelerator.
The elevator paradox is a paradox first noted by Marvin Stern and George Gamow, physicists who had offices on different floors of a multi-story building.
Gamow, who had an office near the bottom of the building noticed that the first elevator to stop at his floor was most often going down, while Stern, who had an office near the top, noticed that the first elevator to stop at his floor was most often going up.
Several attempts ( beginning with Gamow and Stern ) were made to analyze the reason for this phenomenon: the basic analysis is simple, while detailed analysis is more difficult than it would at first appear.
Its first application was a mathematical explanation for alpha decay, which was done in 1928 by George Gamow and independently by Ronald Gurney and Edward Condon.
It was first proposed by George Gamow and then developed by Niels Bohr and John Archibald Wheeler.
His first important one, patented in 1990, was the Gamow bag enabling mountain climbers to avoid altitude sickness by raising the surrounding pressure.
The spontaneous decay can only be explained by quantum tunneling in a similar way to the first application of the Quantum Mechanics to Nuclei given by G. Gamow for alpha decay.
Gamow and two
These two 1948 papers of Gamow laid the foundation for our present understanding of big-bang nucleosynthesis
In 1928, George Gamow derived what is now called the Gamow factor, a quantum-mechanical formula that gave the probability of bringing two nuclei sufficiently close for the strong nuclear force to overcome the Coulomb barrier.
After confirmation of the Hubble's law by observation, the two most popular cosmological theories became the Steady State theory of Hoyle, Gold and Bondi, and the big bang theory of Ralph Alpher, George Gamow, and Robert Dicke with a small number of supporters of a smattering of alternatives.
After learning about this work, a group of physicists from Princeton University interpreted it as background radiation of cosmic origin, but without reference to the two 1948 papers, one by Alpher, Bethe and Gamow ( therefore sometimes called the α-β-γ paper ) and the other by Alpher and Herman.
Gamow and with
He used the summer months of his graduate studies to work with planetary scientist Gerard Kuiper ( thesis advisor ), physicist George Gamow, and chemist Melvin Calvin.
To advocate an aggressive development program, Ernest Lawrence and Luis Alvarez came to Los Alamos, where they conferred with Norris Bradbury, the laboratory director, and with George Gamow, Edward Teller, and Ulam.
The history of Big Bang nucleosynthesis began with the calculations of Ralph Alpher and George Gamow in the 1940s.
* 1946-George Gamow calculates a temperature of 50 K ( assuming a 3-billion year old Universe ), commenting it ".. is in reasonable agreement with the actual temperature of interstellar space ", but does not mention background radiation.
* 1946-George Gamow calculates a temperature of 50 K ( assuming a 3-billion year old Universe ), commenting it ".. is in reasonable agreement with the actual temperature of interstellar space ", but does not mention background radiation.
By 1928, Gamow had solved the theory of the alpha decay of a nucleus via tunnelling, with mathematical help from Nikolai Kochin.
Gamow and his new wife spent much of the next 2 years trying to leave the Soviet Union, with or without official permission.
During his time in Washington, Gamow would also publish major scientific papers with Mario Schenberg and Ralph Alpher.
Gamow published another paper in the British journal Nature in 1948, in which he developed equations for the mass and radius of a primordial galaxy ( which typically contains about one hundred billion stars, each with a mass comparable with that of the sun ).
Gamow produced an important cosmogony paper with his student Ralph Alpher, which was published as " The Origin of Chemical Elements " ( Physical Review, April 1, 1948 ).
After 1954 Gamow was involved in the RNA Tie Club, a discussion group of leading scientists concerned with the problem of the genetic code.
Gamow was a highly successful science writer, with several of his books still in print a half-century after their initial publication.
Gamow was working on a textbook entitled Basic Theories in Modern Physics, with Richard Blade, but it was not completed before he died.
* George Gamow: Combining physics with humor
* Oral History interview transcript with George Gamow — a lengthy interview, a few months before Gamow died ; includes reminiscences about his family, education, career, and writing.
* George Gamow – has 1931 photograph with Bragg, location unspecified.
In the early 1960s, work on Brans-Dicke theory led Dicke to think about the early Universe, and with Jim Peebles he re-derived the prediction of a cosmic microwave background ( having allegedly forgotten the earlier prediction of George Gamow and co-workers ).
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